Fernández-Rio Javier, Cecchini Jose A, Méndez-Giménez Antonio
University of Oviedo, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Department of Educational Sciences, Oviedo, Spain.
J Hum Kinet. 2017 Oct 20;59:91-105. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0150. eCollection 2017 Oct.
The goal of this study was to assess the effects of two different achievement sport contexts, practice and competition, on the motivational profile of professional/semi-professional athletes. Forty-eight Spanish national/international-level female athletes (basketball = 18; handball = 12; soccer = 11; volleyball = 7), mean age 25.14 ± 3.43 years, agreed to participate in the study. They completed a questionnaire, prior and after training and competition, to assess achievement goals, achievement goal dominance, goal pursuit, motivational climate, motivation, burnout and perceived recovery-exertion. Data analyses revealed that, both in practice and competition, these team-sport athletes overwhelmingly showed a strong mastery-approach achievement goal in dominance as well as in pursuit. A significant finding was that this group of national/international-level, professional/semi-professional athletes not only adopted a mastery-approach achievement goal, but they also actively pursued it. It is also remarkable that this profile remained stable at post-tests, even after a painful defeat in competition, which produced a significant negative effect on the athletes' burnout (emotional and physical exhaustion and devaluation of sport participation) and self-determined motivation. As expected, the difference between total recovery and perceived exertion significantly increased after practice and competition. National/international-level team-sport professional/semi-professional female athletes held and pursue stable mastery-approach goal dominance.
本研究的目的是评估两种不同的竞技运动情境，即训练和比赛，对职业/半职业运动员动机特征的影响。48名西班牙国家/国际水平的女运动员（篮球 = 18人；手球 = 12人；足球 = 11人；排球 = 7人），平均年龄25.14 ± 3.43岁，同意参与本研究。她们在训练和比赛之前及之后完成了一份问卷，以评估成就目标、成就目标主导性、目标追求、动机氛围、动机、倦怠和感知到的恢复-疲劳程度。数据分析显示，无论是在训练还是比赛中，这些团队运动运动员在主导性以及追求方面都压倒性地表现出强烈的掌握-趋近型成就目标。一个重要的发现是，这群国家/国际水平的职业/半职业运动员不仅采用了掌握-趋近型成就目标，而且还积极地追求它。同样值得注意的是，即使在比赛中经历了惨痛的失败，这一特征在测试后仍然保持稳定，而这次失败对运动员的倦怠（情绪和身体疲惫以及对运动参与的贬低）和自我决定的动机产生了显著的负面影响。正如预期的那样，在训练和比赛之后，总恢复与感知到的疲劳之间的差异显著增加。国家/国际水平的团队运动职业/半职业女运动员保持并追求稳定的掌握-趋近型目标主导性。
