Wang Jun, Liu Ke, Zheng Jing, Liu Jiali, You Liming
School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74, Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Nov 14;14(11):1385. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14111385.
Rural-to-urban migration, which has achieved a huge scale during China's economic reform, is a potential risk factor for the mental health of migrant children. To test this hypothesis, this study assessed the mental health status of rural-to-urban migrant children. Guided by Andersen's behavioral model, the study explored the risk factors associated with mental health. The study recruited 1182 fifth/sixth-grade children from four private and four public primary schools in Guangzhou in 2014 in a descriptive cross-sectional design. Mental health status was measured by the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. Predisposing characteristics including demographics (e.g., age, gender), social structure (e.g., education, occupation) and health beliefs (health attitude) were recorded. Enabling characteristics including family and community resources and the need for health services were analyzed to explore the risk factors. The results indicate that more rural-to-urban migrant children were classified in the abnormal (21.0%) or borderline (18.8%) categories based on the total difficulties scores, the proportions of which were much higher than those of local children (9.8% abnormal, 13.8% borderline). Factors associated with a greater likelihood of mental health problems included single-parent families, seeking health information actively, family income cannot meet basic needs and poor perceived health status. Compared with the local children, the rural-to-urban migrant children had relatively poor mental health, hence monitoring and supporting mental health for rural-urban migrant children is critical.
在中国经济改革期间达到巨大规模的农村向城市的人口迁移，是流动儿童心理健康的一个潜在风险因素。为了验证这一假设，本研究评估了农村向城市流动儿童的心理健康状况。在安德森行为模型的指导下，该研究探索了与心理健康相关的风险因素。该研究于2014年采用描述性横断面设计，从广州的四所私立和四所公立小学招募了1182名五、六年级儿童。心理健康状况通过优势与困难问卷进行测量。记录了包括人口统计学特征（如年龄、性别）、社会结构（如教育程度、职业）和健康信念（健康态度）在内的易患特征。分析了包括家庭和社区资源以及对卫生服务需求在内的促成特征，以探索风险因素。结果表明，根据总困难得分，更多的农村向城市流动儿童被归类为异常（21.0%）或临界（18.8%）类别，其比例远高于本地儿童（异常9.8%，临界13.8%）。与心理健康问题可能性更大相关的因素包括单亲家庭、积极寻求健康信息、家庭收入无法满足基本需求以及自我感觉健康状况较差。与本地儿童相比，农村向城市流动儿童的心理健康状况相对较差，因此监测和支持农村向城市流动儿童的心理健康至关重要。
