Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom.
Clin Infect Dis. 2018 Apr 3;66(8):1211-1221. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix983.
Human immunodeficiency virus self-testing (HIVST) is effective, with scale-up underway in sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed cost-effectiveness of adding HIVST to existing facility-based HIV testing and counseling (HTC) services. Both 2010 (initiate at CD4 <350 cells/μL) and 2015 (initiate all) World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for antiretroviral treatment (ART) were considered.
A microsimulation model was developed to evaluate cost-effectiveness, from both health provider and societal perspectives, of an HIVST service implemented in a cluster-randomized trial (CRT; ISRCTN02004005) in Malawi. Costs and health outcomes were evaluated over a 20-year time horizon, using a discount rate of 3%. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was conducted to account for parameter uncertainty.
From the health provider perspective and 20-year time horizon, facility HTC using 2010 WHO ART guidelines was the least costly ($294.71 per person; 95% credible interval [CrI], 270.79-318.45) and least effective (11.64 quality-adjusted life-years [QALYs] per person; 95% CrI, 11.43-11.86) strategy. Compared with this strategy, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for facility HTC using 2015 WHO ART guidelines was $226.85 (95% CrI, 198.79-284.35) per QALY gained. The strategy of facility HTC plus HIVST, using 2010 WHO ART guidelines, was extendedly dominated. The ICER for facility HTC plus HIVST, using 2015 WHO ART guidelines, was $253.90 (95% CrI, 201.71-342.02) per QALY gained compared with facility HTC and using 2015 WHO ART guidelines.
HIVST may be cost-effective in a Malawian population with high HIV prevalence. HIVST is suited to an early HIV diagnosis and treatment strategy.
ISRCTN02004005.
人体免疫缺陷病毒自我检测(HIVST)是有效的,目前正在撒哈拉以南非洲地区推广。我们评估了在现有的基于机构的 HIV 检测和咨询(HTC)服务中增加 HIVST 的成本效益。同时考虑了 2010 年(CD4<350 个细胞/μL 时开始)和 2015 年(所有患者开始)世界卫生组织(WHO)的抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)指南。
开发了一个微观模拟模型,以评估在马拉维的一项集群随机试验(ISRCTN02004005)中实施 HIVST 服务的成本效益,从卫生提供者和社会两个角度进行评估。在 20 年的时间内,使用 3%的贴现率评估成本和健康结果。进行概率敏感性分析以考虑参数不确定性。
从卫生提供者的角度和 20 年的时间范围来看,使用 2010 年 WHO 艾滋病治疗指南的机构 HTC 是成本最低的(每人 294.71 美元;95%可信区间[CrI],270.79-318.45)和效果最差的(每人 11.64 个质量调整生命年[QALY];95% CrI,11.43-11.86)策略。与该策略相比,使用 2015 年 WHO 艾滋病治疗指南的机构 HTC 的增量成本效益比(ICER)为每获得一个 QALY 增加 226.85 美元(95% CrI,198.79-284.35)。使用 2010 年 WHO 艾滋病治疗指南的机构 HTC 加 HIVST 的策略是延伸性的主导策略。与使用 2015 年 WHO 艾滋病治疗指南的机构 HTC 相比,使用 2015 年 WHO 艾滋病治疗指南的机构 HTC 加 HIVST 的策略的 ICER 为每获得一个 QALY 增加 253.90 美元(95% CrI,201.71-342.02)。
在 HIV 流行率较高的马拉维人群中,HIVST 可能具有成本效益。HIVST 适合早期 HIV 诊断和治疗策略。
ISRCTN02004005。