Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang 110001, China.
Acta Derm Venereol. 2018 Mar 13;98(3):318-323. doi: 10.2340/00015555-2843.
Prostanoids, including prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2), are a family of lipid-derived autacoids that modulate many physiological systems and pathological contexts. Prostanoids are generated by sequential metabolism of arachidonic acid, catalysed by cyclo-oxygenase, to PGH2, which is then converted to PGD2, PGE2, PGF2α, PGI2 and TXA2, catalysed by their specific synthases. Recent evidence suggests that prostanoids play a role in regulating hair growth. The PGF2α analogue is Food and Drug Administration-approved in the US and routinely used to enhance the growth of human eyelashes. PGE2 is reported to protect from radiation-induced hair loss in mice. Conversely, PGD2 inhibits hair growth. This paper reviews the metabolism of prostanoids and the expression pattern of prostanoid receptors in hair follicles, focussing on their different and opposing effects on hair growth and the underlying mechanisms. This has potential clinical relevance in the treatment and prevention of hair disorders.
前列腺素类物质（包括前列腺素（PGs）和血栓素 A2（TXA2））是一类脂质衍生的自分泌物质，可调节许多生理系统和病理环境。前列腺素类物质由花生四烯酸的顺序代谢产生，由环加氧酶催化生成 PGH2，然后由其特异性合成酶将其转化为 PGD2、PGE2、PGF2α、PGI2 和 TXA2。最近的证据表明，前列腺素类物质在调节头发生长中发挥作用。PGF2α 类似物已获得美国食品和药物管理局批准，常规用于增强人类睫毛的生长。据报道，PGE2 可防止小鼠辐射引起的脱发。相反，PGD2 抑制头发生长。本文综述了前列腺素类物质的代谢和前列腺素类受体在毛囊中的表达模式，重点讨论了它们对头发生长的不同和相反作用及其潜在机制。这在治疗和预防毛发疾病方面具有潜在的临床意义。
