Goldštajn Marina Šprem, Toljan Karlo, Grgić Franjo, Jurković Ivana, Baldani Dinka Pavičić
Coll Antropol. 2016 Sep;40(3):211-8.
Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is an important protein, not only for transporting sex steroids which is its primary role, but with the discovery of a specific receptor that binds SHBG, a novel approach regarding classic ‘free-hormone hypothesis’ should be implemented. Research in SHBG gene and it expression has been done, as well as cellular signaling that controls it. It provides significant knowledge of the impact of certain well –defined cellular level signaling pathways and how they affect the level of SHBG production. Moreover, new insights have proven that SHBG isn’t just a peripherally synthesized protein. Its origin has been proven to exist in the brain, namely in the hypothalamus and the pituitary, where it is spatially closely related to oxytocin-producing neurons. The main peripheral organ that produces SHBG is the liver. Since the liver is the central metabolic organ, certain metabolic diseases will result in changed SHBG serum levels. On the other hand, endocrine disorders that affect tissues involved in sex hormone regulation will also have an impact on SHBG levels. Thusly, SHBG stands as one of the mediators between various endocrine tissues and definitely contributes with its own pathophysiological role in diseases such as: obesity, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, osteoporosis, breast and prostate cancer. Its value expands to the area of clinical medicine as a marker of certain pathological states. Some studies already established its reliability and the growing trend to implement it as a useful clinical marker is present. It still remains largely understudied, from physiological and clinical aspect, but recent findings give notions that SHBG plays an important role in health and disease and could be a useful assessment marker.
性激素结合球蛋白（SHBG）是一种重要的蛋白质，不仅因其主要作用是转运性激素，而且随着一种与SHBG结合的特异性受体的发现，应采用一种关于经典“游离激素假说”的新方法。关于SHBG基因及其表达以及控制它的细胞信号传导的研究已经开展。它提供了关于某些明确的细胞水平信号通路的影响以及它们如何影响SHBG产生水平的重要知识。此外，新的见解已证明SHBG不仅仅是一种在外周合成的蛋白质。其起源已被证明存在于大脑中，即在丘脑和垂体中，在那里它在空间上与产生催产素的神经元密切相关。产生SHBG的主要外周器官是肝脏。由于肝脏是中央代谢器官，某些代谢疾病会导致SHBG血清水平发生变化。另一方面，影响参与性激素调节的组织的内分泌紊乱也会对SHBG水平产生影响。因此，SHBG是各种内分泌组织之间的介质之一，并且在肥胖、代谢综合征、多囊卵巢综合征、骨质疏松症、乳腺癌和前列腺癌等疾病中以其自身的病理生理作用发挥作用。它作为某些病理状态的标志物在临床医学领域的价值不断扩大。一些研究已经证实了它的可靠性，并且将其作为一种有用的临床标志物的应用趋势正在增加。从生理和临床方面来看，它在很大程度上仍未得到充分研究，但最近的研究结果表明SHBG在健康和疾病中起着重要作用，并且可能是一种有用的评估标志物。
