Garrick Lachlan E, Alexander Bryce C, Schache Anthony G, Pandy Marcus G, Crossley Kay M, Collins Natalie J
J Sport Rehabil. 2018 Nov 1;27(6):546-553. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2016-0208. Epub 2018 Oct 13.
It is important to validate single-leg squat visual rating criteria used in clinical practice and research. Foot orthoses may improve single-leg squat performance in those who demonstrate biomechanics associated with increased risk of lower limb injury.
Validate visual rating criteria proposed by Crossley et al, by determining whether athletes rated as poor single-leg squat performers display different single-leg squat biomechanics than good performers; and evaluate immediate effects of foot orthoses on single-leg squat biomechanics in poor performers.
Comparative cross-sectional study.
University laboratory.
79 asymptomatic athletes underwent video classification of single-leg squat performance based on established visual rating criteria (overall impression, trunk posture, pelvis "in space," hip movement, and knee movement), and were rated as good (n = 23), fair (n = 41), or poor (n = 15) performers.
A subset of good (n = 16) and poor (n = 12) performers underwent biomechanical assessment, completing 5 continuous single-leg squats on their dominant limb while 3-dimensional motion analysis and ground reaction force data were recorded. Poor performers repeated the task standing on prefabricated foot orthoses.
Peak external knee adduction moment (KAM) and peak angles for the trunk, hip, knee, and ankle.
Compared with good performers, poor performers had a significantly lower peak KAM (mean difference = 0.11 Nm/kg, 95% confidence interval = 0.02 to 0.2 Nm/kg), higher peak hip adduction angle (-4.3°, -7.6° to -0.9°), and higher peak trunk axial rotation toward their stance limb (3.8°, 0.4° to 7.2°). Foot orthoses significantly increased the peak KAM in poor performers (-0.06 Nm/kg, -0.1 to -0.01 Nm/kg), with values approximating those observed in good performers.
Findings validate Crossley et al's visual rating criteria for single-leg squat performance in asymptomatic athletes, and suggest that "off-the-shelf" foot orthoses may be a simple intervention for poor performers to normalize the magnitude of the external KAM during single-leg squat.
验证临床实践和研究中使用的单腿深蹲视觉评级标准非常重要。足部矫形器可能会改善那些表现出与下肢受伤风险增加相关生物力学特征的人的单腿深蹲表现。
通过确定被评为单腿深蹲表现差的运动员与表现好的运动员在单腿深蹲生物力学方面是否存在差异，来验证克罗斯利等人提出的视觉评级标准；并评估足部矫形器对表现差的运动员单腿深蹲生物力学的即时影响。
比较性横断面研究。
大学实验室。
79名无症状运动员根据既定的视觉评级标准（整体印象、躯干姿势、骨盆“在空间中的位置”、髋关节运动和膝关节运动）对单腿深蹲表现进行视频分类，并被评为表现好（n = 23）、中等（n = 41）或差（n = 15）的运动员。
表现好的运动员子集（n = 16）和表现差的运动员子集（n = 12）接受生物力学评估，在其优势肢体上连续完成5次单腿深蹲，同时记录三维运动分析和地面反作用力数据。表现差的运动员穿着预制足部矫形器重复该任务。
膝关节最大外展力矩（KAM）峰值以及躯干、髋关节、膝关节和踝关节的峰值角度。
与表现好的运动员相比，表现差的运动员膝关节最大外展力矩峰值显著更低（平均差异 = 0.11 Nm/kg，95%置信区间 = 0.02至0.2 Nm/kg），髋关节最大内收角度更高（-4.3°，-7.6°至-0.9°），躯干向支撑腿方向的最大轴向旋转角度更高（3.8°，0.4°至7.2°）。足部矫形器显著增加了表现差的运动员的膝关节最大外展力矩峰值（-0.06 Nm/kg，-0.1至-0.01 Nm/kg），其数值接近表现好的运动员所观察到的数值。
研究结果验证了克罗斯利等人针对无症状运动员单腿深蹲表现的视觉评级标准，并表明“现成的”足部矫形器可能是一种简单的干预措施，可使表现差的运动员在单腿深蹲时使膝关节最大外展力矩的大小正常化。
