From the *Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, †Behavior and Technology Lab, and ‡Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and §Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
Sex Transm Dis. 2017 Dec;44(12):739-746. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000719.
Given the many options available, selecting an HIV test for a particular clinical or research setting can be daunting. Making an informed decision requires an assessment of the likelihood of acute infection in the test population and an understanding of key aspects of the tests themselves. The ability of individual tests to reliably detect HIV infection depends on the target(s) being detected, when they can be expected to be present after infection, and the concentration of stable target in test specimens, all of which are explained by the virologic and serologic events after infection. The purpose of this article is to review the timeline of HIV infection, nomenclature, and characteristics of different tests; compare point-of-care and laboratory-based tests; discuss the impact of different specimens on test performance; and provide practical advice to help clinicians and researchers new to the field select a test that best suits their needs.
鉴于有如此多的选择，为特定的临床或研究环境选择 HIV 检测可能会让人望而却步。做出明智的决策需要评估检测人群中急性感染的可能性，并了解检测本身的关键方面。个体检测可靠地检测 HIV 感染的能力取决于目标（被检测的）、感染后预期何时出现目标以及检测样本中稳定目标的浓度，所有这些都由感染后的病毒学和血清学事件解释。本文的目的是回顾 HIV 感染的时间线、命名法和不同检测的特征；比较即时检测和基于实验室的检测；讨论不同样本对检测性能的影响；并为刚涉足该领域的临床医生和研究人员提供实用建议，帮助他们选择最适合自己需求的检测。
