Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.
FIMS Reference Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine for Anti-Doping Research, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK.
BMC Genomics. 2017 Nov 14;18(Suppl 8):802. doi: 10.1186/s12864-017-4193-5.
Epigenetic modification refers to heritable changes in gene function that cannot be explained by alterations in the DNA sequence. The current literature clearly demonstrates that the epigenetic response is highly dynamic and influenced by different biological and environmental factors such as aging, nutrient availability and physical exercise. As such, it is well accepted that physical activity and exercise can modulate gene expression through epigenetic alternations although the type and duration of exercise eliciting specific epigenetic effects that can result in health benefits and prevent chronic diseases remains to be determined. This review highlights the most significant findings from epigenetic studies involving physical activity/exercise interventions known to benefit chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.
表观遗传修饰是指基因功能的可遗传变化，这些变化不能用 DNA 序列的改变来解释。目前的文献清楚地表明，表观遗传反应是高度动态的，受不同的生物和环境因素的影响，如衰老、营养供应和体育锻炼。因此，人们普遍认为，体育活动和锻炼可以通过表观遗传改变来调节基因表达，尽管目前仍需要确定引起特定的表观遗传效应的运动类型和持续时间，这些效应可以带来健康益处并预防慢性疾病。本综述重点介绍了与已知有益于代谢综合征、糖尿病、癌症、心血管和神经退行性疾病等慢性疾病的体育活动/锻炼干预相关的表观遗传研究中的最重要发现。
