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无创迷走神经刺激(gammaCore)的回顾:对发作性和慢性丛集性头痛的疗效、安全性、对共病的潜在影响和经济负担。

Review of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (gammaCore): efficacy, safety, potential impact on comorbidities, and economic burden for episodic and chronic cluster headache.

出版信息

Am J Manag Care. 2017 Nov;23(17 Suppl):S317-S325.

Abstract

The FDA has cleared gammaCore (non-invasive vagus nerve stimulator [nVNS]) for the treatment of episodic cluster headache (eCH). With the exception of subcutaneous sumatriptan, all other treatments are used off label and have many limitations. The FDA approval process for devices differs from that of drugs. We performed a review of the literature to evaluate new evidence on various aspects of gammaCore treatment and impact. The ACute Treatment of Cluster Headache Studies (ACT1 and ACT2), both double-blind sham-controlled randomized trials, did not meet the primary endpoints of the trials but each demonstrated significant superiority of gammaCore among patients with eCH. In ACT1, gammaCore resulted in a higher response rate (RR) (RR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.6-8.2; P = .014), higher pain-free rate for >50% of attacks (RR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1-5.2; P = .045), and shorter duration of attacks (mean difference [MD], -30 minutes; P <.01) compared with the sham group. In ACT2, gammaCore resulted in higher odds of achieving pain-free attacks in 15 minutes (OR, 9.8; 95% CI, 2.2-44.1; P = .01), lower pain intensity in 15 minutes (MD, -1.1; P <.01), and higher rate of achieving responder status at 15 minutes for ≥50% of treated attacks (RR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.0-8.1; P = .058) compared with the sham group. The PREVention and Acute Treatment of Chronic Cluster Headache (PREVA) study also demonstrated that gammaCore plus standard of care (SOC) was superior to SOC alone in patients with chronic cluster headache (CH). Medical costs, pharmacy refills, and pharmacy costs were higher in patients coded for CH in claims data compared with controls with nonheadache codes. gammaCore is easy to use, practical, and safe; delivery cannot be wasted; and patients prefer using gammaCore compared with SOC. The treatment improves symptoms and reduces the need for CH rescue medications. Current US reimbursement policies, which predate nVNS and are based on expensive, surgically implanted, and permanent implanted vagus nerve stimulation (iVNS), need to be modified to distinguish nVNS from iVNS. gammaCore, cleared by the FDA in April 2017, provides substantial value to patients and also to payers. There is sufficient evidence to support the need to modify current reimbursement policies to include coverage for gammaCore (nVNS) for eCH.

摘要

美国食品药品监督管理局 (FDA) 已批准 gammaCore(非侵入性迷走神经刺激器 [nVNS])用于治疗阵发性丛集性头痛 (eCH)。除了皮下舒马曲坦外,所有其他治疗方法均为超适应证使用,且具有许多局限性。设备的 FDA 批准程序与药物不同。我们对文献进行了回顾,以评估 gammaCore 治疗和影响的各个方面的新证据。急性丛集性头痛治疗研究 (ACT1 和 ACT2) 均为双盲假对照随机试验,均未达到试验的主要终点,但每项研究均表明 eCH 患者中 gammaCore 的优越性。在 ACT1 中,gammaCore 导致更高的反应率(RR)(RR,3.2;95%CI,1.6-8.2;P =.014),更高的无疼痛率>50%的攻击(RR,2.3;95%CI,1.1-5.2;P =.045),以及攻击持续时间更短(平均差异 [MD],-30 分钟;P <.01)与假刺激组相比。在 ACT2 中,gammaCore 导致在 15 分钟内实现无疼痛发作的可能性更高(OR,9.8;95%CI,2.2-44.1;P =.01),15 分钟内疼痛强度更低(MD,-1.1;P <.01),以及在 15 分钟内实现治疗攻击≥50%的缓解状态的可能性更高(RR,2.8;95%CI,1.0-8.1;P =.058)与假刺激组相比。慢性丛集性头痛的预防和急性治疗 (PREVA) 研究也表明,与单独接受标准治疗 (SOC) 的患者相比,gammaCore 加 SOC 在慢性丛集性头痛 (CH) 患者中更有效。与非头痛代码的对照组相比,索赔数据中编码为 CH 的患者的医疗费用、药房补充和药房费用更高。gammaCore 易于使用、实用且安全;不能浪费输送;与 SOC 相比,患者更喜欢使用 gammaCore。治疗可改善症状并减少 CH 急救药物的需求。当前的美国报销政策是基于昂贵的、经手术植入的和永久性植入的迷走神经刺激 (iVNS) 制定的,早于 nVNS,因此需要进行修改,以区分 nVNS 和 iVNS。2017 年 4 月,FDA 批准的 gammaCore 为患者和支付方带来了巨大的价值。有充分的证据支持修改当前的报销政策,以将 gammaCore(nVNS)纳入阵发性丛集性头痛的治疗范围。

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