中国南方繁忙城市隧道中强化汽车污染控制的道路车辆挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）排放的十年变化：案例研究。

Decadal changes in emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from on-road vehicles with intensified automobile pollution control: Case study in a busy urban tunnel in south China.

机构信息

State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.

State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.

出版信息

Environ Pollut. 2018 Feb;233:806-819. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.133. Epub 2017 Nov 13.

DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.133

PMID:29144986

Abstract

In the efforts at controlling automobile emissions, it is important to know in what extent air pollutants from on-road vehicles could be truly reduced. In 2014 we conducted tests in a heavily trafficked tunnel in south China to characterize emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from on-road vehicle fleet and compared our results with those obtained in the same tunnel in 2004. Alkanes, aromatics, and alkenes had average emission factors (EFs) of 338, 63, and 42 mg km in 2014 against that of 194, 129, and 160 mg km in 2004, respectively. In 2014, LPG-related propane, n-butane and i-butane were the top three non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) with EFs of 184 ± 21, 53 ± 6 and 31 ± 3 mg km; the gasoline evaporation marker i-pentane had an average EF of 17 ± 3 mg km; ethylene and propene were the top two alkenes with average EFs of 16 ± 1 and 9.7 ± 0.9 mg km, respectively; isoprene had no direct emission from vehicles; toluene showed the highest EF of 11 ± 2 mg km among the aromatics; and acetylene had an average EF of 7 ± 1 mg km. While EFs of total NMHCs decreased only 9% from 493 ± 120 mg km in 2004 to 449 ± 40 mg km in 2014, their total ozone formation potential (OFP) decreased by 57% from 2.50 × 10 mg km in 2004 to 1.10 × 10 mg km in 2014, and their total secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP) decreased by 50% from 50 mg km in 2004 to 25 mg km in 2014. The large drop in ozone and SOA formation potentials could be explained by reduced emissions of reactive alkenes and aromatics, due largely to fuel transition from gasoline/diesel to LPG for taxis/buses and upgraded vehicle emission standards.

摘要

在控制汽车排放的努力中，重要的是要知道道路车辆的空气污染物在多大程度上可以真正减少。2014 年，我们在中国南部一条交通繁忙的隧道中进行了测试，以描述道路车辆车队排放的挥发性有机化合物（VOC），并将我们的结果与 2004 年在同一隧道中获得的结果进行了比较。烷烃、芳烃和烯烃的平均排放因子（EF）分别为 2014 年的 338、63 和 42mgkm，而 2004 年分别为 194、129 和 160mgkm。2014 年，LPG 相关的丙烷、正丁烷和异丁烷是前三名非甲烷碳氢化合物（NMHC），EF 分别为 184±21、53±6 和 31±3mgkm；汽油蒸发标记物异戊烷的平均 EF 为 17±3mgkm；乙烯和丙烯是前两种烯烃，平均 EF 分别为 16±1 和 9.7±0.9mgkm；异戊二烯没有车辆的直接排放；甲苯在芳烃中表现出最高的 EF，为 11±2mgkm；乙炔的平均 EF 为 7±1mgkm。虽然总 NMHCs 的 EF 从 2004 年的 493±120mgkm 仅下降了 9%，至 2014 年的 449±40mgkm，但它们的总臭氧形成潜能（OFP）从 2004 年的 2.50×10mgkm 下降了 57%，至 2014 年的 1.10×10mgkm，其总二次有机气溶胶形成潜能（SOAFP）从 2004 年的 50mgkm 下降了 50%，至 2014 年的 25mgkm。臭氧和 SOA 形成潜能的大幅下降可以解释为由于税收原因，出租车/公共汽车燃料从汽油/柴油向 LPG 转变，以及车辆排放标准的升级，导致反应性烯烃和芳烃排放量减少。