Zaalberg Ruud, Manstead Antony, Fischer Agneta
a University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Cogn Emot. 2004 Feb 1;18(2):183-207. doi: 10.1080/02699930341000040.
We report research on the relations between emotions, display rules, social motives, and facial behaviour. In Study 1 we used a questionnaire methodology to examine how respondents would react to a funny or a not funny joke told to them by a close friend or a stranger. We assessed display rules and motivations for smiling and/or laughing. Display rules and social motives (partly) mediated the relationship between the experimental manipulations and self-reported facial behaviour. Study 2 was a laboratory experiment in which funny or not funny jokes were told to participants by a male or female stranger. Consistent with hypotheses, hearing a funny joke evoked a stronger motivation to share positive affect by showing longer Duchenne smiling. Contrary to hypotheses, a not funny joke did not elicit greater prosocial motivation by showing longer "polite" smiling, although such a smiling pattern did occur. Rated funniness of the joke and the motivation to share positive affect mediated the relationship between the joke manipulation and facial behaviour. Path analysis was used to explore this mediating process in greater detail.
我们报告了关于情绪、表达规则、社会动机和面部行为之间关系的研究。在研究1中，我们采用问卷调查法，考察受访者对亲密朋友或陌生人讲给他们的有趣或无趣笑话会作何反应。我们评估了微笑和/或大笑的表达规则及动机。表达规则和社会动机（部分地）介导了实验操作与自我报告的面部行为之间的关系。研究2是一项实验室实验，由男性或女性陌生人向参与者讲述有趣或无趣的笑话。与假设一致，听到有趣的笑话会引发更强烈的通过展现更长时间的杜兴式微笑来分享积极情绪的动机。与假设相反，无趣的笑话并没有通过展现更长时间的“礼貌”微笑引发更强的亲社会动机，尽管确实出现了这种微笑模式。笑话的评分趣味性和分享积极情绪的动机介导了笑话操作与面部行为之间的关系。我们使用路径分析更详细地探究了这一中介过程。
