Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90045, USA.
Psychol Aging. 2010 Dec;25(4):811-21. doi: 10.1037/a0019888.
In 2 studies, we investigated age effects in the ability to recognize dynamic posed and spontaneous smiles. Study 1 showed that both young and older adult participants were above chance in their ability to distinguish between posed and spontaneous smiles in young adults. In Study 2, we found that young adult participant performance declined when judging a combination of both young and older adult target smiles, while older adult participants outperformed young adult participants in distinguishing between posed and spontaneous smiles. A synthesis of results across the 2 studies showed a small-to-medium age effect (d = -0.40), suggesting that older adults have an advantage in discriminating between smile types. Mixed stimuli (i.e., a mixture of young and older adult faces) may impact accurate smile discrimination. In future research, both the sources (cues) and behavioral effects of age-related differences in the discrimination of positive expressions should be investigated.
在两项研究中，我们调查了识别动态姿势和自然微笑的能力的年龄效应。研究 1 表明，年轻和年长的参与者在区分年轻成年人的姿势和自然微笑方面都高于偶然水平。在研究 2 中，我们发现，当判断年轻和年长成年人目标微笑的组合时，年轻参与者的表现下降，而年长参与者在区分姿势和自然微笑方面优于年轻参与者。对两项研究结果的综合表明，年龄效应较小（d = -0.40），这表明老年人在区分微笑类型方面具有优势。混合刺激（即年轻和年长成年人面孔的混合）可能会影响准确的微笑识别。在未来的研究中，应该研究年龄相关差异在积极表情识别中的来源（线索）和行为效应。
