Center for Global Health, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Apr 1;619-620:212-220. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.091. Epub 2017 Nov 14.
Household air pollution (HAP) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Investigate impact of in-utero HAP exposure on placental development and chronic hypoxia.
Markers of chronic placental hypoxia [Hofbauer cells (HBC), syncytial knots (SK), chorionic vascular density (cVD) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)] were stained by hematoxylin-eosin and/or immunohistochemically in placenta samples collected from firewood-/kerosene-users (A,n=16), and ethanol-users (B,n=20) that participated in a randomized controlled intervention trial in Ibadan, Nigeria. A third group of non-smoking and presumed natural gas-using Chicago women (C,n=12) were included in this exploratory pilot to assess for possible differences in placenta histology between similar racial groups. All patients had uncomplicated pregnancies and delivered at term.
HBC, SK and cVD were significantly increased among firewood-/kerosene-users compared to ethanol-users and natural gas-using Chicago women (HBC medians 5.5, 3.5, and 2.0, respectively; SK means 55.6, 41.8 and 30.1; cVD means 8.8, 6.2, and 5.2; all p<0.01). HIF expression was significantly higher in Group A compared to B and C (all p<0.001).
In-utero exposure to HAP is associated with pathologic changes and HIF expression consistent with chronic hypoxia in placenta of firewood/kerosene-users compared to ethanol-users with less HAP exposure and Chicago women with no presumed HAP exposure. Presence of chronic hypoxic signature in placenta of women exposed to HAP has implications for adverse pregnancy complications and future growth and development of the young children. Future larger studies need to focus on HAP exposure and placental disorders like preeclampsia and long-term health impact of in-utero exposure to HAP.
家庭空气污染（HAP）与不良妊娠结局有关。
研究宫内 HAP 暴露对胎盘发育和慢性缺氧的影响。
在尼日利亚伊巴丹进行的一项随机对照干预试验中，收集了来自薪柴/煤油使用者（A 组，n=16）和乙醇使用者（B 组，n=20）的胎盘样本，并通过苏木精-伊红和/或免疫组织化学染色检测慢性胎盘缺氧标志物[Hofbauer 细胞（HBC）、合胞体结节（SK）、绒毛血管密度（cVD）和缺氧诱导因子（HIF）]。本研究纳入了第三组不吸烟且推测使用天然气的芝加哥妇女（C 组，n=12），以评估类似种族群体之间胎盘组织学的差异。所有患者均为无并发症的足月妊娠。
与乙醇使用者和使用天然气的芝加哥妇女相比，薪柴/煤油使用者的 HBC、SK 和 cVD 显著增加（HBC 中位数分别为 5.5、3.5 和 2.0；SK 均值分别为 55.6、41.8 和 30.1；cVD 均值分别为 8.8、6.2 和 5.2；均 p<0.01）。与 B 组和 C 组相比，A 组的 HIF 表达显著升高（均 p<0.001）。
与 HAP 暴露较少的乙醇使用者和无 HAP 暴露的芝加哥妇女相比，宫内暴露于 HAP 与薪柴/煤油使用者胎盘的病理变化和 HIF 表达一致，提示存在慢性缺氧。HAP 暴露妇女胎盘存在慢性缺氧特征，可能与不良妊娠并发症以及儿童未来生长发育有关。未来需要进行更大规模的研究，重点关注 HAP 暴露与胎盘疾病（如子痫前期）以及宫内 HAP 暴露对胎儿的长期健康影响。
