Vitaliano P P, Maiuro R D, Russo J, Mitchell E S
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1989 Feb;177(2):70-6. doi: 10.1097/00005053-198902000-00002.
This longitudinal study investigated the relative importance of correlates of psychological distress in first year medical students (N = 312) in September and May. Anxiety levels were one SD above the mean when compared with nonpatient levels in both September and May, and the percentage of students reporting depression doubled over the study period. Problem-focused coping decreased, emotion-focused coping increased, and satisfaction with social supports decreased over the year. In contrast, type A behavior and anger expression were more stable. Students distressed in September were at higher risk for distress in May. Students distressed in May were also characterized by higher scores for suppressed anger and type A behavior in May, even after controlling for distress in September.
这项纵向研究调查了9月和5月一年级医学生（N = 312）心理困扰相关因素的相对重要性。与非患者水平相比，9月和5月的焦虑水平均高于平均水平一个标准差，并且在研究期间报告有抑郁症状的学生比例翻了一番。在这一年中，以问题为中心的应对方式减少，以情绪为中心的应对方式增加，对社会支持的满意度下降。相比之下，A型行为和愤怒表达更为稳定。9月感到困扰的学生在5月出现困扰的风险更高。即使在控制了9月的困扰之后，5月感到困扰的学生在5月的压抑愤怒和A型行为得分也更高。
