Vitaliano P P, Maiuro R D, Russo J, Mitchell E S, Carr J E, Van Citters R L
Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle 98195.
J Behav Med. 1988 Aug;11(4):311-31. doi: 10.1007/BF00844933.
Medical student distress was examined in two consecutive first-year classes (N = 312) in September, before they interacted with the school regimen, and again in May before exams. Anxiety means were one SD above the normative mean for nonpatients at both times. The number of students reporting a significant level of depression doubled from September (N = 36) to May (N = 78). The correlation of distress in September and May was .40, indicating that for many students distress was enduring. A biopsychosocial model of initial distress explained more variance (36%) in the cross-validation sample than did any one variable alone. Distressed students had higher Type A scores. Also, anger held in was a risk factor for distress in students with a family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Students who hold anger in may experience prolonged stress which, coupled with a family history of CVD, could make them psychobiologically vulnerable to distress.
在9月对连续两个一年级班级（N = 312）的医学生进行了压力调查，此时他们尚未接触学校的课程安排，5月考试前再次进行了调查。焦虑平均值在这两个时间点均比非患者的正常平均值高出一个标准差。报告有显著抑郁水平的学生人数从9月的36人（N = 36）增至5月的78人（N = 78）。9月和5月的压力相关性为0.40，这表明对许多学生来说，压力是持续存在的。初始压力的生物心理社会模型在交叉验证样本中解释的方差（36%）比任何一个单独变量都要多。压力大的学生A型得分更高。此外，压抑愤怒是有心血管疾病（CVD）家族史的学生产生压力的一个风险因素。压抑愤怒的学生可能会经历长期压力，再加上有CVD家族史，这可能使他们在心理生物学上易受压力影响。
