Jiménez-Iglesias Antonia, Camacho Inês, Rivera Francisco, Moreno Carmen, Matos Margarida Gaspar de
Universidad de Sevilla (Spain).
Universidade de Lisboa (Portugal).
Span J Psychol. 2017 Nov 20;20:E64. doi: 10.1017/sjp.2017.62.
The aim of this study was to analyse the contribution of social support from family, friend and school (teacher and classmate) contexts in substance use (tobacco and alcohol use) and well-being (life satisfaction and health-related quality of life). Participants were 5,784 Portuguese and 22,610 Spanish adolescents aged 11 to 16 years, from the 2014 edition of the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in Portugal and Spain. Results showed that for a higher life satisfaction, family (p < .001, partial η2 = .032), teacher (p < .001, partial η2 = .018) and classmate (p < .001, partial η2 = .031) support were important in Portugal, and family (p < .001, partial η2 = .056) and friend (p < .001, partial η2 = .015) support in Spain. Similarly, for a better health-related quality of life, all the social support variables were relevant in Portugal (family: p < .001, partial η2 = .063; teacher: p < .001, partial η2 = .032; classmate: p < .001, partial η2 = .054; friend: p < .001, partial η2 = .034) and in Spain (family: p < .001, partial η2 = .054; teacher: p < .001, partial η2 = .014; classmate: p < .001, partial η2 = .018; friend: p < .001, partial η2 = .040). In contrast, only family support (p < .001, partial η2 = .014) was relevant in Portugal for tobacco use. Therefore, social support was more relevant for adolescent well-being than for adolescent substance use, and the most relevant source of support was family support, in both Spain and Portugal.
本研究旨在分析来自家庭、朋友以及学校（教师和同学）环境的社会支持对青少年物质使用（烟草和酒精使用）及幸福感（生活满意度和健康相关生活质量）的影响。研究对象为来自2014年葡萄牙和西班牙“学龄儿童健康行为”（HBSC）研究的5784名葡萄牙青少年和22610名西班牙青少年，年龄在11至16岁之间。结果显示，对于较高的生活满意度，在葡萄牙，家庭支持（p <.001，偏η2 =.032）、教师支持（p <.001，偏η2 =.018）和同学支持（p <.001，偏η2 =.031）很重要；在西班牙，家庭支持（p <.001，偏η2 =.056）和朋友支持（p <.001，偏η2 =.015）很重要。同样，对于更好的健康相关生活质量，在葡萄牙，所有社会支持变量都具有相关性（家庭：p <.001，偏η2 =.063；教师：p <.001，偏η2 =.032；同学：p <.001，偏η2 =.054；朋友：p <.001，偏η2 =.034），在西班牙也是如此（家庭：p <.001，偏η2 =.054；教师：p <.001，偏η2 =.014；同学：p <.001，偏η2 =.018；朋友：p <.001，偏η2 =.040）。相比之下，在葡萄牙，仅家庭支持（p <.001，偏η2 =.014）与烟草使用相关。因此，在西班牙和葡萄牙，社会支持对青少年幸福感的影响比对青少年物质使用的影响更大，且最相关的支持来源是家庭支持。
