Gallivan G J, Barker I K, Alves R M, Culverwell J, Girdwood R
Department of Biology, University of Swaziland, Private Bag Kwaluseni.
J Wildl Dis. 1989 Jan;25(1):76-82. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-25.1.76.
The lungworm, Pneumostrongylus calcaratus, was found in 85% (164 of 193) of impala (Aepyceros melampus) collected in Mlawula Nature Reserve in Swaziland. Infection was confirmed at 4.5 mo of age, and the prevalence increased to 100% at 11 mo, with a prevalence of 98% in animals greater than 1 yr of age. Pneumostrongylus calcaratus was usually found in firm, tangrey nodules along the lobar borders of the lungs, although an extensive granulomatous pneumonia with miliary caseous abscesses and calcified nodules was observed in some older animals. In the primary infection in lambs, adult parasites, larvae and eggs were observed in the alveoli and bronchioles within the nodule. There was peribronchial and perivascular mononuclear cuffing, with infiltration of mononuclear cells in the alveolar septum in the vicinity of worms. In lesions in older animals, there was local consolidation with macrophages and giant cells, and foci of parenchymal necrosis associated with degenerating eosinophils, which appeared to lead to the formation of eosinophilic granulomas. Resolving lesions caused interstitial fibrosis, with mineralized nodules. Pneumostrongylosis does not appear to pose a significant threat to the health of impala in Swaziland.
在斯威士兰姆拉武拉自然保护区采集的黑斑羚（非洲大羚羊）中，85%（193只中有164只）被发现感染了肺线虫——卡尔卡拉肺圆线虫。在4.5月龄时确诊有感染，11月龄时感染率升至100%，1岁以上动物的感染率为98%。卡尔卡拉肺圆线虫通常见于肺叶边缘坚实的灰白色小结节中，不过在一些老龄动物中观察到有广泛的肉芽肿性肺炎，伴有粟粒性干酪样脓肿和钙化结节。在羔羊的初次感染中，在结节内的肺泡和细支气管中观察到成虫、幼虫和虫卵。有支气管周围和血管周围单核细胞套袖状浸润，在虫体附近的肺泡间隔中有单核细胞浸润。在老龄动物的病变中，有巨噬细胞和巨细胞局部实变，以及与嗜酸性粒细胞变性相关的实质坏死灶，这似乎导致了嗜酸性肉芽肿的形成。正在消退的病变会引起间质纤维化，并伴有矿化结节。肺圆线虫病似乎并未对斯威士兰黑斑羚的健康构成重大威胁。
