School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 143 Hanggaulro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2018 Mar;149:108-115. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.029. Epub 2017 Nov 16.
The objective of this study was to determine whether the water effect ratio (WER) or biotic ligand model (BLM) could be applied to efficiently develop water quality criteria (WQC) in Korea. Samples were collected from 12 specific sites along the Yeongsan River (YSR), Korea, including two sewage treatment plants and one estuary lake. A copper toxicity test using Daphnia magna was performed to determine the WER and to compare to the BLM prediction. The results of the WER from YSR samples also indicated significantly different copper toxicities in all sites. The model-based predictions showed that effluent and estuary waters had significantly different properties in regard to their ability to be used to investigate water characteristics and copper toxicity. It was supposed that the slight water characteristics changes, such as pH, DOC, hardness, conductivity, among others, influence copper toxicity, and these variable effects on copper toxicity interacted with the water composition. The 38% prediction was outside of the validation range by a factor of two in all sites, showing a poor predictive ability, especially in STPs and streams adjacent to the estuary, while the measured toxicity was more stable. The samples that ranged from pH 7.3-7.7 generated stable predictions, while other samples, including those with lower and the higher pH values, led to more unstable predictions. The results also showed that the toxicity of Cu in sample waters to D. magna was closely proportional to the amounts of acidity, including the carboxylic and phenolic groups, as well as the DOC concentrations. Consequently, the acceptable prediction of metal toxicity in various water samples needs the site-specific results considering the water characteristics such as pH and DOC properties particularly in STPs and estuary regions.
本研究旨在确定水效应比（WER）或生物配体模型（BLM）是否可用于有效地制定韩国的水质标准（WQC）。从韩国延世河（YSR）的 12 个特定地点采集了样本，包括两个污水处理厂和一个河口湖。使用大型蚤进行了铜毒性测试，以确定 WER 并与 BLM 预测进行比较。YSR 样本的 WER 结果还表明，所有地点的铜毒性均存在明显差异。基于模型的预测表明，污水和河口水在用于研究水质特征和铜毒性方面的能力方面具有明显不同的特性。据推测，pH 值、DOC、硬度、电导率等轻微的水质变化会影响铜毒性，这些对铜毒性的可变影响与水的组成相互作用。在所有地点，预测值有 38%超出了验证范围的两倍，这表明预测能力较差，尤其是在污水处理厂和河口附近的溪流中，而实测毒性则更为稳定。pH 值在 7.3-7.7 之间的样本产生了稳定的预测结果，而其他样本，包括 pH 值较低和较高的样本，导致了更不稳定的预测结果。结果还表明，D. magna 对水样中 Cu 的毒性与酸度（包括羧酸和酚类基团）以及 DOC 浓度密切相关。因此，需要考虑 pH 值和 DOC 等水质特性的特定地点结果来预测各种水样中的金属毒性，特别是在污水处理厂和河口地区。
