Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany.
Division of Cardiology and Metabolism-Heart Failure, Cachexia and Sarcopenia, Department of Cardiology (CVK); and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT); Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
ESC Heart Fail. 2017 Nov;4(4):492-498. doi: 10.1002/ehf2.12237.
Sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass and muscle function) is a strong predictor of frailty, disability and mortality in older persons and may also occur in obese subjects. The prevalence of sarcopenia is increased in patients suffering from chronic heart failure. However, there are currently few therapy options. The main intervention is resistance exercise, either alone or in combination with nutritional support, which seems to enhance the beneficial effects of training. Also, testosterone has been shown to increased muscle power and function; however, a possible limitation is the side effects of testosterone. Other investigational drugs include selective androgen receptor modulators, growth hormone, IGF-1, compounds targeting myostatin signaling, which have their own set of side effects. There are abundant prospective targets for improving muscle function in the elderly with or without chronic heart failure, and the continuing development of new treatment strategies and compounds for sarcopenia and cardiac cachexia makes this field an exciting one.
肌肉减少症（肌肉质量和肌肉功能丧失）是老年人虚弱、残疾和死亡的强有力预测因素，也可能发生在肥胖者中。患有慢性心力衰竭的患者中，肌肉减少症的患病率增加。然而，目前治疗选择很少。主要的干预措施是阻力运动，单独或与营养支持相结合，这似乎可以增强训练的有益效果。此外，已经证明睾丸酮可以增加肌肉力量和功能；然而，可能的限制是睾丸酮的副作用。其他研究中的药物包括选择性雄激素受体调节剂、生长激素、IGF-1、针对肌肉生长抑制素信号的化合物，它们都有自己的副作用。改善有或没有慢性心力衰竭的老年人肌肉功能有丰富的潜在靶点，新的治疗策略和肌肉减少症和心脏恶病质的化合物的不断发展使这一领域令人兴奋。
