Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University.
Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University.
J Abnorm Psychol. 2017 Nov;126(8):1029-1043. doi: 10.1037/abn0000297.
There is substantial evidence that personality traits, such as self-criticism and dependency, predict the development of depression and anxiety symptoms, as well as depressive episodes. However, it is unknown whether self-criticism and dependency predict the first onset of depressive and anxiety disorders, and unclear how to characterize dynamic mechanisms by which these traits, stressful life events, and psychopathology influence one another over time. In this study, 550 female adolescents were assessed at baseline, 528 and 513 of whom were assessed again at Waves 2 and 3, respectively, over the course of 18 months. Self-criticism and dependency were assessed with self-report inventories, depressive and anxiety disorders were assessed with diagnostic interviews, and stressful life events were assessed via semistructured interview. Logistic regression analyses showed that self-criticism and dependency significantly predicted the first onset of nearly all depressive and anxiety disorders (significant polychoric s ranged from .15-.42). Subsequent path analyses focused on prediction of depression, and supported several conceptual models of personality-stress-psychopathology relationships. In particular, Personality × Stress interactions were evident for both dependency and self-criticism. These interactions took the form of dual vulnerability, such that stressful life events predicted an increased probability of a later depressive disorder only at low levels of each trait. Results suggest the traits of self-criticism and dependency are important to consider in understanding who is at risk for depressive and anxiety disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record
有大量证据表明，人格特质，如自我批评和依赖，可预测抑郁和焦虑症状以及抑郁发作的发展。然而，目前尚不清楚自我批评和依赖是否可以预测抑郁和焦虑障碍的首次发作，也不清楚如何描述这些特质、压力性生活事件和精神病理学随时间相互影响的动态机制。在这项研究中，550 名女性青少年在基线时接受评估，其中 528 名和 513 名分别在 18 个月的时间内分别在第 2 波和第 3 波接受了评估。自我批评和依赖通过自我报告量表进行评估，抑郁和焦虑障碍通过诊断访谈进行评估，压力性生活事件通过半结构化访谈进行评估。逻辑回归分析表明，自我批评和依赖显著预测了几乎所有抑郁和焦虑障碍的首次发作（显著的多相 s 范围从.15-.42）。随后的路径分析集中于对抑郁症的预测，并支持人格-应激-精神病理学关系的几种概念模型。特别是，依赖和自我批评都存在人格-应激的相互作用。这些相互作用表现为双重脆弱性，即只有在每个特质的低水平下，压力性生活事件才会增加以后患抑郁障碍的可能性。研究结果表明，自我批评和依赖的特质对于理解谁有患抑郁和焦虑障碍的风险很重要。
