Kopala-Sibley Daniel C, Danzig Allison P, Kotov Roman, Bromet Evelyn J, Carlson Gabrielle A, Olino Thomas M, Bhatia Vickie, Black Sarah R, Klein Daniel N
Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University.
Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University.
J Abnorm Psychol. 2016 May;125(4):471-81. doi: 10.1037/abn0000152. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
According to diathesis-stress models, temperament traits such as negative emotionality (NE) may moderate the effects of stressors on the development of symptoms of psychopathology, although little research has tested such models in children. Moreover, there are few data on whether specific facets of NE (sadness, fear, or anger) may specifically moderate the effects of stress on depression versus anxiety. Finally, there is a paucity of research examining whether childhood temperament moderates the effect of disaster exposure on depressive or anxiety symptoms. Hurricane Sandy, which affected many thousands of people in New York State and the surrounding regions in October 2012, offers a unique opportunity to address these gaps. Seven to eight years prior to Hurricane Sandy, 332 children 3 years old completed lab-based measures of NE and its facets. Six years later, when they were 9 years old, each mother rated her child's depressive and anxiety symptoms. Approximately 8 weeks post-Sandy (an average of 1 year after the age 9 assessment), mothers again rated their child's depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as a measure of exposure to stress from Hurricane Sandy. Adjusting for symptom levels at age 9, higher levels of stress from Hurricane Sandy predicted elevated levels of depressive symptoms only in participants with high levels of temperamental sadness and predicted elevated levels of anxiety symptoms only in participants high in temperamental fearfulness. These findings support the role of early childhood temperament as a diathesis for psychopathology and highlight the importance of considering facets of temperament when examining their relationship to psychopathology. (PsycINFO Database Record
根据素质-应激模型，诸如消极情绪性（NE）等气质特质可能会调节应激源对精神病理学症状发展的影响，尽管很少有研究在儿童中检验此类模型。此外，关于消极情绪性的特定方面（悲伤、恐惧或愤怒）是否可能特别调节应激对抑郁与焦虑的影响，相关数据很少。最后，很少有研究考察儿童气质是否会调节灾难暴露对抑郁或焦虑症状的影响。2012年10月影响了纽约州及周边地区成千上万民众的桑迪飓风，提供了一个填补这些空白的独特机会。在桑迪飓风发生的七到八年前，332名3岁儿童完成了基于实验室的消极情绪性及其各方面的测量。六年后，当他们9岁时，每位母亲对其孩子的抑郁和焦虑症状进行了评分。在桑迪飓风过后约8周（平均在9岁评估后1年），母亲们再次对孩子的抑郁和焦虑症状进行评分，以及一项衡量桑迪飓风造成的应激暴露程度的指标。在对9岁时的症状水平进行调整后，桑迪飓风带来的较高应激水平仅在气质性悲伤水平较高的参与者中预测了抑郁症状水平的升高，仅在气质性恐惧水平较高的参与者中预测了焦虑症状水平的升高。这些发现支持了幼儿气质作为精神病理学素质的作用，并突出了在考察气质与精神病理学的关系时考虑气质各方面的重要性。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》
