Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 902, Belgium.
Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 902, Belgium.
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2018 Apr 15;465:61-72. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.11.011. Epub 2017 Nov 16.
Calcium and phosphate are vital for the organism and constitute essential components of the skeleton. Serum levels are tightly hormonally regulated and maintained by exchange with three major sources: the intestines, the kidney and the bone. The effects of sex steroids on the bone have been extensively studied and it is well known that sex steroid deficiency induces bone loss, indirectly influencing renal calcium and phosphate homeostasis. However, it is unknown whether sex steroids also directly regulate renal calcium and phosphate handling, hereby potentially indirectly impacting on bone. The presence of androgen receptors (AR) and estrogen receptors (ER) in both human and rodent kidney, although their exact localization within the kidney remains debated, supports direct effects. Estrogens stimulate renal calcium reabsorption as well as phosphate excretion, while the effects of androgens are less clear. Many of the studies performed with regard to renal calcium and/or phosphate homeostasis do not correct for the calcium and phosphate fluxes from the bone and intestines, which complicates the differentiation between the direct effects of sex steroids on renal calcium and phosphate handling and the indirect effects via the bone and intestines. The objective of this study is to review the literature and current insight of the role of sex steroids in calcium and phosphate handling in the kidney.
钙和磷对机体至关重要，是骨骼的重要组成部分。血清水平受激素的严格调节，并通过与三个主要来源（肠道、肾脏和骨骼）进行交换来维持。性激素对骨骼的影响已得到广泛研究，众所周知，性激素缺乏会导致骨丢失，间接影响肾脏的钙和磷稳态。然而，目前尚不清楚性激素是否也直接调节肾脏的钙和磷处理，从而可能间接影响骨骼。在人和啮齿动物的肾脏中均存在雄激素受体（AR）和雌激素受体（ER），尽管其在肾脏中的确切定位仍存在争议，但支持直接作用。雌激素可刺激肾脏钙重吸收和磷排泄，而雄激素的作用则不太清楚。许多关于肾脏钙和/或磷稳态的研究并未校正骨骼和肠道的钙和磷通量，这使得区分性激素对肾脏钙和磷处理的直接作用和通过骨骼和肠道的间接作用变得复杂。本研究的目的是综述关于性激素在肾脏钙和磷处理中的作用的文献和最新见解。
