Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of the Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Protein Interactions Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
Front Med. 2017 Dec;11(4):462-470. doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0596-6. Epub 2017 Nov 20.
The emergence of new pathogens, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and Ebola virus, poses serious challenges to global public health and highlights the urgent need for novel antiviral approaches. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been successfully used to treat various diseases, particularly cancer and immunological disorders. Antigen-specific mAbs have been isolated using several different approaches, including hybridoma, transgenic mice, phage display, yeast display, and single B-cell isolation. Consequently, an increasing number of mAbs, which exhibit high potency against emerging viruses in vitro and in animal models of infection, have been developed. In this paper, we summarize historical trends and recent developments in mAb discovery, compare the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches to mAb production, and discuss the potential use of such strategies for the development of antivirals against emerging diseases. We also review the application of recently developed human mAbs against SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and Ebola virus and discuss prospects for the development of mAbs as therapeutic agents against emerging viral diseases.
新病原体的出现，如严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）和埃博拉病毒，对全球公共卫生构成了严重挑战，凸显了开发新型抗病毒方法的迫切需要。单克隆抗体（mAbs）已成功用于治疗各种疾病，特别是癌症和免疫性疾病。已经使用几种不同的方法分离出抗原特异性 mAbs，包括杂交瘤、转基因小鼠、噬菌体展示、酵母展示和单个 B 细胞分离。因此，越来越多的 mAbs 已经被开发出来，这些 mAbs 在体外和感染动物模型中对新兴病毒表现出高效力。在本文中，我们总结了 mAb 发现的历史趋势和最新进展，比较了各种 mAb 生产方法的优缺点，并讨论了这些策略在开发针对新兴疾病的抗病毒药物方面的潜在应用。我们还回顾了最近开发的针对 SARS-CoV、MERS-CoV 和埃博拉病毒的人源 mAbs 的应用，并讨论了将 mAbs 开发为治疗新兴病毒性疾病的治疗剂的前景。
