Luo Chunming, Proctor Robert W
CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2018 Apr;46(3):497-506. doi: 10.3758/s13421-017-0767-3.
Task-irrelevant spatial information, conveyed by stimulus location, location word, or arrow direction, can influence the response to task-relevant attributes, generating the location-, word-, and arrow-based Simon effects. We examined whether different mechanisms are involved in the generation of these Simon effects by fitting a mathematical ex-Gaussian function to empirical response time (RT) distributions. Specifically, we tested whether which ex-Gaussian parameters (μ, σ, and τ) show Simon effects and whether the location-, word, and arrow-based effects are on different parameters. Results show that the location-based Simon effect occurred on mean RT and μ but not on τ, and a reverse Simon effect occurred on σ. In contrast, a positive word-based Simon effect was obtained on all these measures (including σ), and a positive arrow-based Simon effect was evident on mean RT, σ, and τ but not μ. The arrow-based Simon effect was not different from the word-based Simon effect on τ or σ but was on μ and mean RT. These distinct results on mean RT and ex-Gaussian parameters provide evidence that spatial information conveyed by the various location modes are different in the time-course of activation.
由刺激位置、位置词或箭头方向所传达的与任务无关的空间信息，会影响对与任务相关属性的反应，从而产生基于位置、词和箭头的西蒙效应。我们通过将数学上的前高斯函数拟合到经验反应时（RT）分布，来检验这些西蒙效应的产生是否涉及不同机制。具体而言，我们测试了哪些前高斯参数（μ、σ和τ）表现出西蒙效应，以及基于位置、词和箭头的效应是否作用于不同参数。结果表明，基于位置的西蒙效应出现在平均反应时和μ上，而不是τ上，并且在σ上出现了反向西蒙效应。相比之下，基于词的正向西蒙效应在所有这些测量指标（包括σ）上都有体现，基于箭头的正向西蒙效应在平均反应时、σ和τ上明显，但在μ上没有。基于箭头的西蒙效应在τ或σ上与基于词的西蒙效应没有差异，但在μ和平均反应时上有差异。这些在平均反应时和前高斯参数上的不同结果表明，由各种位置模式传达的空间信息在激活的时间进程中是不同的。
