a Department of Psychologie , University François Rabelais , Tours , France.
b Center of Research and Innovation On Sport , University of Claude Bernard , Lyon , France.
Aging Ment Health. 2019 Jan;23(1):77-83. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2017.1394442. Epub 2017 Nov 21.
Studies highlight the beneficial effects of social and leisure activities on the well-being of aging people. Our aims were: to investigate activity profiles among older adults living in their own homes, to highlight potential changes in profiles over a period of five years and to examine effects of differences between these profiles on well-being variables.
Three waves were considered in this longitudinal study, with 550, 410 and 374 people (76, 79, 82 years on average), respectively. We used cluster analysis to obtain activity profiles of social and leisure activities, ANOVAs with age and external variables (satisfaction with life, time occupation satisfaction, self-esteem and depression) to explore differences between cluster groups, and chi-square tests of association to explore whether the same individual belonged to the same activity profile over time.
The number of clusters decreased strongly from the first wave to the other two waves (n = 7 to n = 2 and 3). Two main types of activity differentiated the profiles: social activities (voluntary work and associations) and recreational activities outside the home/at home. The activities showed no systematic or strong effects on external variables, nevertheless for the oldest subjects when comparing the less active to the more active (recreational profile and social profile) the latter expressed a greater satisfaction of time occupation and self-esteem, and lower scores of depressive symptoms.
Such activities could be an indicator of a certain independence (physical and mental availability) which plays a strong role in the well-being of older adults.
研究强调社会和休闲活动对老年人福祉的有益影响。我们的目的是：调查居住在自己家中的老年人的活动概况，突出在五年期间概况的潜在变化，并研究这些概况之间的差异对幸福感变量的影响。
本纵向研究考虑了三个波次，分别有 550、410 和 374 人（平均年龄分别为 76、79 和 82 岁）。我们使用聚类分析获得社会和休闲活动的活动概况，使用方差分析（年龄和外部变量（生活满意度、时间职业满意度、自尊和抑郁））来探索聚类组之间的差异，并使用卡方检验关联性来探索同一个体是否在不同时间属于同一活动概况。
从第一波到另外两波，聚类的数量强烈减少（n=7 到 n=2 和 3）。两种主要类型的活动区分了概况：社会活动（志愿工作和协会）和家庭外/家庭内的娱乐活动。活动对外部变量没有系统或强烈的影响，但对于最年长的受试者，当将不太活跃的人与更活跃的人（娱乐概况和社交概况）进行比较时，后者表示对时间职业和自尊的满意度更高，抑郁症状得分更低。
这些活动可能是一定独立性（身体和精神可用性）的指标，在老年人的幸福感中起着重要作用。
