Brewer M M, Bates M R, Vannoy L P
Human Nutrition and Food Section, School of Home Economics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803-4301.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1989 Feb;49(2):259-65. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/49.2.259.
Maternal weight and body fat changes were studied in 56 women from delivery to 6 mo postpartum. Six-month weight losses (p less than 0.01) in exclusively breast-feeding (BF), exclusively formula-feeding (FF), and combination breast- and formula-feeding mothers (CF) were 8.30 +/- 0.74, 8.19 +/- 0.96, and 7.22 +/- 0.74 kg respectively; however, only BF experienced a significant change between 3 and 6 mo. Suprailiac and subscapular skinfold thickness decreased over 6 mo (p less than 0.01) with the suprailiac region reflecting a significant feeding-method effect. Increases in triceps fatfold measurements at 3 mo suggest that a temporary redistribution of body fat occurs as the energy stores of pregnancy are mobilized. Lactating mothers consumed more (p less than 0.01) kilocalories (BF, 2055 +/- 435; CF, 2005 +/- 515) than did nonlactating mothers (FF, 1453 +/- 503). Age, parity, and prepregnancy weight exerted significant covariable effects. Results suggest that lactation does play a role in postpartum weight and body fat loss but that the current RDA may be too high to permit such losses.
对56名女性从分娩至产后6个月期间的体重和体脂变化进行了研究。纯母乳喂养（BF）、纯配方奶喂养（FF）以及混合喂养（CF）的母亲在6个月时的体重减轻情况（p<0.01）分别为8.30±0.74、8.19±0.96和7.22±0.74千克；然而，只有纯母乳喂养组在3至6个月期间体重有显著变化。6个月内，髂上和肩胛下皮褶厚度下降（p<0.01），其中髂上区域显示出显著的喂养方式影响。3个月时肱三头肌脂肪褶测量值增加，表明随着孕期能量储备的动员，身体脂肪会发生暂时重新分布。哺乳期母亲比非哺乳期母亲摄入更多（p<0.01）千卡热量（纯母乳喂养组，2055±435；混合喂养组，2005±515）（纯配方奶喂养组，1453±503）。年龄、产次和孕前体重产生显著的协变量效应。结果表明，哺乳在产后体重和体脂减少中确实起作用，但目前的推荐膳食摄入量可能过高，无法实现这种体重减轻。
