Butte N F, Garza C, Stuff J E, Smith E O, Nichols B L
Am J Clin Nutr. 1984 Feb;39(2):296-306. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/39.2.296.
Milk production, dietary intake, and body composition of 45 lactating women were monitored for 4 months postpartum to examine the interrelationships of these maternal variables. A 3-day dietary record, 24-h test-weighing for determination of milk production, 24-h milk collection, anthropometric measurements, and water displacement for estimation of body fat were performed monthly. The overall mean (SD) energy intake was 2186 (463) kcal/day. Milk production (g/day) averaged 751 (130), 725 (131), 723 (114), and 740 (128) during the 4 sequential months. Weight postpartum was 64.6 (9.1) kg and was 59.3 (10.5) kg at 4 months. Body fat determined by water displacement averaged 28 (7)% at 1 month and 26 (8)% at 4 months. Estimations of body fat from skinfold thickness ranged from 28 (5)% postpartum to 27 (5)% at 4 months. Energy balance calculations based on the energy available from the diet plus the energy derived from tissue mobilization, minus the caloric equivalent of the milk, indicated sufficient energy available for maintenance and activity needs. Thus, it appears that successful lactation is compatible with gradual weight reduction and attainable with energy intakes less than current recommendations.
对45名哺乳期妇女产后4个月的产奶量、饮食摄入量和身体组成进行监测，以研究这些母体变量之间的相互关系。每月进行一次为期3天的饮食记录、用于测定产奶量的24小时称重、24小时乳汁收集、人体测量以及用于估算体脂的水置换法。能量摄入的总体均值（标准差）为2186（463）千卡/天。在随后的4个月中，产奶量（克/天）平均分别为751（130）、725（131）、723（114）和740（128）。产后体重为64.6（9.1）千克，4个月时为59.3（10.5）千克。通过水置换法测定的体脂在1个月时平均为28（7）%，在4个月时为26（8）%。根据皮褶厚度估算的体脂从产后的28（5）%到4个月时的27（5）%。基于饮食中可利用能量加上组织动员产生的能量减去乳汁的热量当量进行的能量平衡计算表明，有足够的能量用于维持和活动需求。因此，看来成功的哺乳与体重逐渐减轻是相容的，并且在能量摄入量低于当前建议值时也可实现。
