Jarlenski Marian P, Bennett Wendy L, Bleich Sara N, Barry Colleen L, Stuart Elizabeth A
Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States.
Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States; Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States.
Prev Med. 2014 Dec;69:146-50. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.09.018. Epub 2014 Oct 5.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of breastfeeding on maternal weight loss in the 12months postpartum among U.S. women.
Using data from a national cohort of U.S. women conducted in 2005-2007 (N=2102), we employed propensity scores to match women who breastfed exclusively and non-exclusive for at least three months to comparison women who had not breastfed or breastfed for less than three months. Outcomes included postpartum weight loss at 3, 6, 9, and 12months postpartum; and the probability of returning to pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) category and the probability of returning to pre-pregnancy weight.
Compared to women who did not breastfeed or breastfed non-exclusively, exclusive breastfeeding for at least 3months resulted in 3.2 pound (95% CI: 1.4,4.7) greater weight loss at 12months postpartum, a 6.0-percentage-point increase (95% CI: 2.3,9.7) in the probability of returning to the same or lower BMI category postpartum; and a 6.1-percentage-point increase (95% CI: 1.0,11.3) in the probability of returning to pre-pregnancy weight or lower postpartum. Non-exclusive breastfeeding did not significantly affect any outcomes.
Our study provides evidence that exclusive breastfeeding for at least three months has a small effect on postpartum weight loss among U.S. women.
本研究旨在评估母乳喂养对美国女性产后12个月体重减轻的影响。
利用2005 - 2007年美国女性全国队列的数据（N = 2102），我们采用倾向得分法，将至少纯母乳喂养或非纯母乳喂养三个月的女性与未母乳喂养或母乳喂养少于三个月的女性进行匹配。结果包括产后3、6、9和12个月的体重减轻情况；恢复到孕前体重指数（BMI）类别以及恢复到孕前体重的概率。
与未母乳喂养或非纯母乳喂养的女性相比，至少纯母乳喂养3个月的女性在产后12个月体重减轻多3.2磅（95%可信区间：1.4，4.7），产后恢复到相同或更低BMI类别的概率增加6.0个百分点（95%可信区间：2.3，9.7）；产后恢复到孕前体重或更低体重的概率增加6.1个百分点（95%可信区间：1.0，11.3）。非纯母乳喂养对任何结果均无显著影响。
我们的研究表明，至少纯母乳喂养三个月对美国女性产后体重减轻有微小影响。
