日常生活中的音乐聆听与压力——时机问题
Music Listening and Stress in Daily Life-a Matter of Timing.
作者信息
Linnemann Alexandra, Wenzel Mario, Grammes Jennifer, Kubiak Thomas, Nater Urs M
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Health Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
出版信息
Int J Behav Med. 2018 Apr;25(2):223-230. doi: 10.1007/s12529-017-9697-5.
PURPOSE
Despite increasing evidence suggesting that music listening in daily life has stress-reducing effects, studies mostly rely on subjective, retrospective data on music listening. Thus, the temporal dynamics underlying the stress-reducing effect of music listening remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to examine the temporal dynamics of the associations between stress and music listening by assessing subjective and objective data on music in daily life.
DESIGN
An exploratory Ambulatory Assessment study examining a total of 60 participants (37 women), aged 18 to 34 years (M = 22.4 years, SD = 3.5) was conducted.
METHODS
For 1 week, participants answered questions on music listening and stress six times per day via an electronic diary device, which additionally objectively sampled the exact time point of music listening and its duration.
RESULTS
Self-reports on mere music listening were associated with lower stress reports, whereas objectively assessed data was not. However, concerning duration of music listening, both subjective and objective data on music listening showed associations between a minimum of 20 min of music listening and lower stress reports. Concerning the latency, objective data on music listening revealed that the association between stress reports and music listening occurs in a time-delayed manner.
CONCLUSIONS
Although the study design does not allow for causal inferences, substantial associations among subjectively and objectively assessed data on music listening were found to differentially affect the experience of stress after music listening. In particular, when focusing on the temporal dynamics, objectively assessed data allowed for a more fine-grained analysis. In consequence, subjectively and objectively reported data on music listening should be assessed jointly when investigating effects of music listening on health. Experimental research with rigorous methodological control is required in order to corroborate our findings in a laboratory setting.
目的
尽管越来越多的证据表明日常生活中听音乐具有减轻压力的作用，但研究大多依赖于关于听音乐的主观、回顾性数据。因此，听音乐减轻压力作用背后的时间动态仍不清楚。所以，我们旨在通过评估日常生活中关于音乐的主观和客观数据，来研究压力与听音乐之间关联的时间动态。
设计
开展了一项探索性动态评估研究，共纳入60名参与者（37名女性），年龄在18至34岁之间（M = 22.4岁，标准差 = 3.5）。
方法
在为期1周的时间里，参与者通过电子日记设备每天回答6次关于听音乐和压力的问题，该设备还客观记录了听音乐的准确时间点及其时长。
结果
仅关于听音乐的自我报告与较低的压力报告相关，而客观评估的数据则不然。然而，关于听音乐的时长，听音乐的主观和客观数据均显示，至少20分钟的听音乐时间与较低的压力报告之间存在关联。关于延迟时间，听音乐的客观数据显示，压力报告与听音乐之间的关联是以时间延迟的方式出现的。
结论
尽管本研究设计不允许进行因果推断，但发现听音乐的主观和客观评估数据之间的实质性关联对听音乐后压力体验有不同影响。特别是，当关注时间动态时，客观评估的数据能进行更细致的分析。因此，在研究听音乐对健康的影响时，应同时评估听音乐的主观和客观报告数据。需要进行具有严格方法控制的实验研究，以便在实验室环境中证实我们的发现。
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