Clinical Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychology and Sport Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Ann Behav Med. 2020 Jan 1;54(1):22-35. doi: 10.1093/abm/kaz018.
Cross-sectional and experimental knowledge highlight the contribution of various health-promoting behaviors, such as physical activity, regular sleep, and healthy nutrition to mental and physical health. Beyond these well-studied lifestyle behaviors, music listening and perceived respect in social interactions are just recently proposed everyday life experiences, which may act as health-promoting factors.
This study tested the simultaneous contribution of several health-promoting behaviors and factors and examined listening to music and positive social interaction by means of perceived respect as new potentially preventive and health-promoting behaviors and factors using an ambulatory assessment design.
Seventy-seven young healthy adults (38 women, 23.9 ± 4.5 years) completed surveys on their psychological state (i.e., mood, stress, and fatigue) five times a day for four consecutive days. A saliva sample was collected with each data entry to explore the physiological stress markers salivary cortisol, alpha-amylase, and flow rate as further outcome variables. As predictors, perceived respect, self-reported physical activity, the sleep's restfulness, daily coffee, alcohol, vegetable/fruit consumption, and music listening behavior were recorded.
Overall, restful sleep, mean daily perceived respect, and listening to music were most clearly associated with more positive psychological states, that is, better mood and lower fatigue and perceived stress. Associations with daily alcohol, coffee, and vegetable/fruit consumption appeared rather minor. While perceived respect scores were associated with lower daily cortisol output, coffee consumption was positively related to daily cortisol and alpha-amylase. Self-reported physical activity was unrelated to either outcome measure.
These findings provide important insights regarding potential resources of health (i.e., music and respect), their covariation, and which psycho-physiological mechanisms may underlie the links between health factors and well-being. Findings also have implications for the development of interventions aiming to increase resilience and foster health. Here, strategies for improving sleep quality, the use of music, and approaches that emphasize mutual respect and appreciation appear useful additions.
横断面和实验知识强调了各种促进健康的行为的贡献，如体育活动、规律睡眠和健康营养对身心健康。除了这些研究充分的生活方式行为之外，听音乐和社交互动中感受到的尊重是最近提出的日常生活体验，它们可能是促进健康的因素。
本研究通过使用动态评估设计，测试了几种促进健康的行为和因素的同时贡献，并检验了听音乐和积极的社交互动（通过感受到的尊重）作为新的潜在预防和促进健康的行为和因素。
77 名年轻健康的成年人（38 名女性，23.9±4.5 岁）连续四天每天五次完成关于他们心理状态（即情绪、压力和疲劳）的调查。每次数据录入时采集唾液样本，以探索唾液皮质醇、α-淀粉酶和流速等进一步的生理应激标志物作为结果变量。作为预测指标，记录了感受到的尊重、自我报告的体育活动、睡眠的舒适度、每日咖啡、酒精、蔬菜/水果的摄入和听音乐行为。
总体而言，休息好的睡眠、日常感受到的尊重平均值和听音乐与更积极的心理状态最明显相关，即更好的情绪、更低的疲劳和感知压力。与每日酒精、咖啡和蔬菜/水果的摄入相关的关联则较小。虽然感受到的尊重分数与每日皮质醇的输出呈负相关，但咖啡的摄入与每日皮质醇和α-淀粉酶呈正相关。自我报告的体育活动与这两个结果测量都没有关系。
这些发现提供了关于健康资源（即音乐和尊重）的重要见解，包括它们的相互关系，以及健康因素和幸福感之间的联系可能存在的心理生理机制。这些发现对旨在提高韧性和促进健康的干预措施的发展也具有启示意义。在这里，改善睡眠质量、使用音乐以及强调相互尊重和欣赏的方法似乎是有用的补充策略。
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