Pieper C, LaCroix A Z, Karasek R A
Div. of Biostatistics, Columbia U. School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032.
Am J Epidemiol. 1989 Mar;129(3):483-94. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115159.
The relation of job psychologic demands and decision latitude to four coronary heart disease risk factors (cholesterol, smoking, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures) was tested among 12,555 men in five investigations conducted in the United States during the period 1959-1980 (National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys I and II, National Health Examination Survey, Western Collaborative Group Study, and Exercise Heart Survey). Using an imputation strategy, the authors attached measures of the two job characteristics above to persons in each data base by occupation. In 19 possible tests, decision latitude was related (p less than 0.05) to cholesterol and smoking in two instances in the predicted direction in the Exercise Heart Survey, when controlling for Type I error rate. Psychologic demands were not related to any of the risk factors. When a meta-analysis was performed across data bases, all relations were in the predicted direction except for the relation of psychologic demands to systolic pressure, and two of these were statistically significant (p less than 0.05): the relation of job decision latitude to smoking and to systolic pressure. The interaction of psychologic demands and decision latitude was not related to any of the risk factors when two common forms of an interaction were tested. These results indicate that psychosocial aspects of work, in particular the decision latitude of the job, may be related to some cardiovascular risk factors.
在1959年至1980年期间于美国开展的五项调查（第一次和第二次全国健康与营养检查调查、全国健康检查调查、西方协作组研究以及运动心脏调查）中，对12555名男性进行了工作心理需求和决策自由度与四种冠心病风险因素（胆固醇、吸烟、收缩压和舒张压）之间关系的测试。作者采用一种插补策略，按职业将上述两种工作特征的测量值赋予每个数据库中的人员。在19项可能的测试中，在控制I型错误率的情况下，在运动心脏调查中有两例决策自由度与胆固醇和吸烟呈预期方向相关（p<0.05）。心理需求与任何风险因素均无关联。当对各数据库进行荟萃分析时，除心理需求与收缩压的关系外，所有关系均呈预期方向，其中两项具有统计学意义（p<0.05）：工作决策自由度与吸烟以及与收缩压的关系。当测试两种常见的交互作用形式时，心理需求与决策自由度的交互作用与任何风险因素均无关联。这些结果表明，工作的社会心理方面，尤其是工作的决策自由度，可能与某些心血管风险因素有关。
