Greenlund K J, Liu K, Knox S, McCreath H, Dyer A R, Gardin J
Northwestern University Medical School, Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 1995 Sep;41(5):717-23. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(94)00385-7.
The associations of high job demands, low decision latitude and job strain with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among 2665 black and white working men and women were examined in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study--a large, prospective, multi-center study of the development of CVD risk factors in young adults aged 18-30 years at baseline (1985-1986). Multiple linear and multiple logistic regression were used in cross-sectional analyses to examine the associations of job demands, decision latitude and job strain with blood pressure, total serum cholesterol, alcohol use and cigarette consumption. Inverse associations with risk factors were found for high job demands, low decision latitude and job strain. Few associations supported the hypotheses that high job demands, low decision latitude or job strain are associated with increased levels of CVD risk factors. We discuss possible explanations for these findings, including methodologic, age and gender differences between studies. In addition, we discuss the validity of job strain measures for women and minority workers.
在“青年成人冠状动脉风险发展研究”中，对2665名黑人和白人在职男性及女性中高工作要求、低决策自由度和工作压力与心血管疾病（CVD）风险因素之间的关联进行了研究。该研究是一项大型、前瞻性、多中心研究，针对基线时（1985 - 1986年）年龄在18 - 30岁的青年成人CVD风险因素的发展情况。在横断面分析中使用多元线性回归和多元逻辑回归，以检验工作要求、决策自由度和工作压力与血压、总血清胆固醇、饮酒和吸烟量之间的关联。发现高工作要求、低决策自由度和工作压力与风险因素呈负相关。很少有关联支持高工作要求、低决策自由度或工作压力与CVD风险因素水平升高相关的假设。我们讨论了这些发现的可能解释，包括研究之间的方法学、年龄和性别差异。此外，我们还讨论了工作压力测量对女性和少数族裔工人的有效性。
