Lilik Lestari Made Pande, Wanda Dessie, Hayati Happy
a Faculty of Nursing , Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Bahder Djohan Campus , Depok , Indonesia.
Compr Child Adolesc Nurs. 2017;40(sup1):22-28. doi: 10.1080/24694193.2017.1386967.
In preschool children, venipuncture is considered a bodily threat that can cause pain and anxiety, as well as being a traumatic experience. If the pain and anxiety felt by a child during a venipuncture is not addressed properly, it can result in a traumatic experience, and traumatic events in childhood can have long-term consequences. Atraumatic treatment in the emergency department has been little explored in previous research; therefore, the present study assessed the effectiveness of using the distractions of cartoon-patterned clothes and bubble-blowing on the pain and anxiety of preschool children during venipuncture in the emergency department. This was a quasi-experiment that used a post-test only, control group design approach. The sample consisted of 57 preschool children who were due to undergo venipuncture and who were divided into 3 intervention groups. The results showed that distraction using bubble-blowing is effective in reducing pain and anxiety during venipuncture, while cartoon-patterned clothing is only effective in reducing anxiety. Distractions can refocus the attention of a child away from pain and anxiety during venipuncture. It can inhibit the transmission of pain impulses, such that these impulses are not transmitted to the brain. As a result, the sensation of pain is not experienced.
在学龄前儿童中，静脉穿刺被视为一种会造成疼痛和焦虑的身体威胁，也是一种创伤性经历。如果儿童在静脉穿刺过程中感受到的疼痛和焦虑得不到妥善处理，可能会导致创伤性经历，而童年时期的创伤事件可能会产生长期后果。以往研究很少探讨急诊科的无创伤治疗；因此，本研究评估了在急诊科对学龄前儿童进行静脉穿刺时，使用卡通图案衣服和吹泡泡等分散注意力的方法对其疼痛和焦虑的影响。这是一项仅采用后测、对照组设计方法的准实验。样本包括57名即将接受静脉穿刺的学龄前儿童，他们被分为3个干预组。结果表明，吹泡泡作为分散注意力的方式在减轻静脉穿刺过程中的疼痛和焦虑方面是有效的，而卡通图案的衣服仅在减轻焦虑方面有效。分散注意力可以使儿童在静脉穿刺过程中的注意力从疼痛和焦虑上转移开。它可以抑制疼痛冲动的传递，使这些冲动不会传递到大脑。因此，不会体验到疼痛的感觉。
