Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2018 Mar 1;213:183-190. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.022. Epub 2017 Nov 21.
Plant oils are known to have biological activity. This review paper summarizes the current knowledge of the composition of sea buckthorn (Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A.Nelson) seed and pulp oil and its beneficial health aspects.
In vitro and in vivo studies on humans and animals have found sea buckthorn oil to have a variety of beneficial properties to human health, and indicate that it may be a valuable component of human and animal nutrition. Various bioactive substances are present in all parts of sea buckthorn, and these are used traditionally as raw material for health foods and as nutritional supplements. The oil, berries, leaves and bark have medicinal properties, and the fruits have a unique taste; these parts can be processed to make oil, juice, jam, jellies and candies, as well as alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages.
Sea buckthorn oil may be extracted from the seed or the pulp. The mature seeds contain 8-20% oil and the dried fruit pulp about 20-25%, while the fruit residue contains about 15-20% oil after juice extraction. These oils have high concentrations of lipophilic constituents, most commonly unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), phytosterols and vitamins A and E. These components have a multifunctional effect on human health, with the fatty acids playing an important function in modifying cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disorders. The oil also has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-depressive properties.
Sea buckthorn is a unique plant. Its beneficial properties against cardiovascular disorders have been attributed to its high UFA content and range of phytosterols, especially beta-sitosterol. However, its different action on the human organism remain unclear, and further well-controlled, high-quality experiments with human subjects are required to determine the prophylactic and therapeutic doses of sea buckthorn oil for use in clinical studies. Additional studies are also needed to understand the action by which the oil exerts its beneficial properties, i.e. its cardioprotective and anti-cancer activity.
植物油脂具有生物活性。本文综述了沙棘（Elaeagnus rhamnoides（L.）A.Nelson）籽油和果肉油的组成及其有益健康方面的最新知识。
对人类和动物的体外和体内研究发现，沙棘油对人类健康具有多种有益特性，并表明其可能是人类和动物营养的重要组成部分。沙棘的各个部位都含有各种生物活性物质，这些物质传统上被用作保健品的原料和营养补充剂。油、浆果、叶子和树皮具有药用特性，果实具有独特的味道；这些部分可加工制成油、果汁、果酱、果冻和糖果，以及酒精和非酒精饮料。
沙棘油可从种子或果肉中提取。成熟的种子含油 8-20%，干果肉含油约 20-25%，果汁提取后果渣含油约 15-20%。这些油含有高浓度的亲脂成分，最常见的是不饱和脂肪酸（UFAs）、植物甾醇和维生素 A 和 E。这些成分对人类健康具有多功能作用，脂肪酸在修饰脑血管和心血管疾病方面发挥着重要作用。该油还具有抗氧化、抗炎和抗抑郁作用。
沙棘是一种独特的植物。其对心血管疾病的有益特性归因于其高 UFA 含量和广泛的植物甾醇，尤其是β-谷甾醇。然而，其对人体的不同作用尚不清楚，需要进一步进行良好控制、高质量的人体试验，以确定沙棘油在临床研究中的预防和治疗剂量。还需要开展更多的研究来了解该油发挥其有益特性的作用机制，即其心脏保护和抗癌活性。
