Li Jie, Lu Song-Song, Bi Yang, Jiang Yu-Mei, Feng Li-Dan, He Jing
College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Wolfberry Harmless Cultivation Engineering Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jul 14;14(14):2170. doi: 10.3390/plants14142170.
subsp. is extensively found in China, where the annual precipitation ranges from 400 to 800 mm. It is the most dominant species in natural sea buckthorn forests and the primary cultivar for artificial ecological plantations. Additionally, it exhibits significant nutritional and medicinal value, making it a renowned eco-economic tree species. Despite extensive research into its ecological functions and health benefits, the mitochondrial genome of this widespread species has not yet been published, and knowledge of the mitochondrial genome is crucial for understanding plant environmental adaptation, evolution, and maternal inheritance. Therefore, the complete mitochondrial genome was successfully assembled by aligning third-generation sequencing data to the reference genome sequence using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform and Nanopore Prometh ION technologies. Additionally, the gene structure, composition, repeat sequences, codon usage bias, homologous fragments, and phylogeny-related indicators were also analyzed. The results showed that the length of the mitochondrial genome is 454,489 bp, containing 30 tRNA genes, three rRNA genes, 40 PCGs, and two pseudogenes. A total of 411 C-to-U RNA editing sites were identified in 33 protein-coding genes (PCGs), with higher frequencies observed in , , , , , and genes. Moreover, 31 chloroplast-derived fragments were detected, accounting for 11.86% of the mitochondrial genome length. The , , and genes related to energy metabolism exhibited positive selection pressure. The mitochondrial genome sequence similarity between subsp. and or was 99.34% and 99.40%, respectively. Fifteen shared gene clusters were identified between subsp. and . Phylogenetically, the Rosales order showed close relationships with Fagales, Fabales, Malpighiales, and Celastrales. These findings provide fundamental data for exploring the widespread distribution of subsp. and offer theoretical support for understanding the evolutionary mechanisms within the genus and the selection of molecular breeding targets.
亚种在中国广泛分布，年降水量在400至800毫米之间。它是天然沙棘林中最主要的物种，也是人工生态种植园的主要栽培品种。此外，它还具有显著的营养和药用价值，是著名的生态经济树种。尽管对其生态功能和健康益处进行了广泛研究，但这种广泛分布的物种的线粒体基因组尚未发表，而线粒体基因组对于理解植物环境适应性、进化和母系遗传至关重要。因此，利用Illumina NovaSeq 6000平台和Nanopore Prometh ION技术，通过将第三代测序数据与参考基因组序列比对，成功组装了完整的线粒体基因组。此外，还分析了基因结构、组成、重复序列、密码子使用偏好、同源片段和系统发育相关指标。结果表明，线粒体基因组长度为454,489 bp，包含30个tRNA基因、3个rRNA基因、40个蛋白质编码基因（PCGs）和2个假基因。在33个蛋白质编码基因（PCGs）中总共鉴定出411个C到U的RNA编辑位点，在 、 、 、 、 和 基因中观察到更高的频率。此外，检测到31个叶绿体衍生片段，占线粒体基因组长度的11.86%。与能量代谢相关的 、 和 基因表现出正选择压力。亚种 与 或 之间的线粒体基因组序列相似性分别为99.34%和99.40%。在亚种 和 之间鉴定出15个共享基因簇。在系统发育上，蔷薇目与壳斗目、豆目、金虎尾目和卫矛目显示出密切关系。这些发现为探索亚种 的广泛分布提供了基础数据，并为理解 属内的进化机制和分子育种目标的选择提供了理论支持。
