Pressure-flow characteristics of coronary collaterals in dogs.

In this study we utilized two methods to investigate the pressure-flow, P-F, relationship of the coronary collateral vessels in a beating, blood-perfused, isolated heart preparation. In the first method (free-flow method), 12 dog hearts were perfused at pressures ranging from 100 to 0 mmHg, whereas the retrograde flow (index of collateral flow) was measured on the circumflex coronary artery, LCA, against atmospheric pressure, first during autoregulation and then after maximum vasodilation. In the second method (back-pressure method), the back pressure to retrograde flow was varied from 0 to 100 mmHg, whereas the perfusion pressure to the remaining vessels was maintained constant at 100 mmHg. This procedure was performed on four hearts with and without embolization of the LCA by 25-microns spheres. The free-flow method demonstrated a linear P-F relationship with an average correlation coefficient, r, of 0.98. The pressure intercept was 1.7 +/- 1.2 mmHg. The back-pressure method yielded a relationship that was more curvilinear with an average pressure intercept of 13 mmHg without embolization and 38 mmHg with embolization. An analog of the coronary and collateral circulation was used to illustrate that, in the back-pressure method, changes in the coronary resistance at low pressures contributed to the nonlinearity of the collateral P-F characteristics and that the network formed between the collateral and coronary resistances was responsible for the higher pressure intercept value.