Dewasmes G, Buchet C, Geloen A, Le Maho Y
Laboratoire de Thermorégulation et Métabolisme Energétique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Associée 181, France.
Am J Physiol. 1989 Feb;256(2 Pt 2):R476-80. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.1989.256.2.R476.
The proportion and the distribution over 24 h of the different arousal stages characterized in emperor penguins [wakefulness (W), drowsiness (D), slow-wave sleep (SWS), and paradoxical sleep (PS)] were studied under natural ambient conditions in four subjects that were first fed and then deprived of food for 7-18 days. In both fed and fasting states, each arousal stage was distributed through numerous episodes of short duration. The fasting state provoked only a slight increase in D. There was, however, a large increase in SWS, which increased from 37.5 to 55.4%/day, mainly at the expense of W, which fell from 42.7 to 21.9%/day, in close relation to the first two fasting phases when proteins were saved and when most of the energy was derived from lipids. PS proportions were lower during fasting (from 5.7 to 2.4%/day). These changes in the arousal stages in emperor penguins are examined for their implications in sleep mechanisms and energy saving. Their possible consequences, due to the reduced alertness, are also discussed.
在自然环境条件下，对4只帝企鹅进行了研究，先给它们喂食，然后禁食7 - 18天，以研究不同觉醒阶段（清醒（W）、困倦（D）、慢波睡眠（SWS）和异相睡眠（PS））在24小时内的比例和分布情况。在进食和禁食状态下，每个觉醒阶段都分布在许多短时间的时段中。禁食状态仅使困倦（D）略有增加。然而，慢波睡眠（SWS）大幅增加，从每天37.5%增至55.4%，主要是以清醒（W）为代价，清醒从每天42.7%降至21.9%，这与禁食的前两个阶段密切相关，即节省蛋白质以及大部分能量来自脂质的时候。禁食期间异相睡眠（PS）的比例较低（从每天5.7%降至2.4%）。对帝企鹅觉醒阶段的这些变化在睡眠机制和节能方面的影响进行了研究。还讨论了由于警觉性降低可能产生的后果。
