Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals CAS, Rozvojová 2/135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
Environ Pollut. 2018 Mar;234:145-154. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.097. Epub 2017 Nov 22.
Ostrava in the Moravian-Silesian region (Czech Republic) is a European air pollution hot spot for airborne particulate matter (PM), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and ultrafine particles (UFPs). Air pollution source apportionment is essential for implementation of successful abatement strategies. UFPs or nanoparticles of diameter <100 nm exhibit the highest deposition efficiency in human lungs. To permit apportionment of PM sources at the hot-spot including nanoparticles, Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) was applied to highly time resolved particle number size distributions (NSD, 14 nm-10 μm) and PM chemical composition. Diurnal patterns, meteorological variables, gaseous pollutants, organic markers, and associations between the NSD factors and chemical composition factors were used to identify the pollution sources. The PMF on the NSD reveals two factors in the ultrafine size range: industrial UFPs (28%, number mode diameter - NMD 45 nm), industrial/fresh road traffic nanoparticles (26%, NMD 26 nm); three factors in the accumulation size range: urban background (24%, NMD 93 nm), coal burning (14%, volume mode diameter - VMD 0.5 μm), regional pollution (3%, VMD 0.8 μm) and one factor in the coarse size range: industrial coarse particles/road dust (2%, VMD 5 μm). The PMF analysis of PM revealed four factors: SIA/CC/BB (52%), road dust (18%), sinter/steel (16%), iron production (16%). The factors in the ultrafine size range resolved with NSD have a positive correlation with sinter/steel production and iron production factors resolved with chemical composition. Coal combustion factor resolved with NSD has moderate correlation with SIA/CC/BB factor. The organic markers homohopanes correlate with coal combustion and the levoglucosan correlates with urban background. The PMF applications to NSD and chemical composition datasets are complementary. PAHs in PM were found to be associated with coal combustion factor.
奥斯特拉发位于摩拉维亚-西里西亚地区（捷克共和国），是空气中颗粒物（PM）、多环芳烃（PAHs）和超细颗粒（UFPs）的欧洲空气污染热点地区。空气污染源分配对于实施成功的减排策略至关重要。直径<100nm 的 UFPs 或纳米颗粒在人体肺部具有最高的沉积效率。为了允许在热点地区分配包括纳米颗粒在内的 PM 源，采用正矩阵因子分解（PMF）对高度时间分辨的粒子数大小分布（NSD，14nm-10μm）和 PM 化学组成进行了分析。日变化模式、气象变量、气态污染物、有机标志物以及 NSD 因子与化学组成因子之间的关系用于识别污染源。NSD 上的 PMF 揭示了超细粒径范围内的两个因子：工业 UFPs（28%，数模式直径-NMD 45nm），工业/新鲜道路交通纳米颗粒（26%，NMD 26nm）；在积累粒径范围内的三个因子：城市背景（24%，NMD 93nm），燃煤（14%，体积模式直径-VMD 0.5μm），区域污染（3%，VMD 0.8μm）和一个在粗粒径范围内的因子：工业粗颗粒/道路灰尘（2%，VMD 5μm）。PM 分析表明，PM 有四个因子：SIA/CC/BB（52%），道路灰尘（18%），烧结/钢（16%），铁生产（16%）。NSD 解析的超细粒径范围内的因子与烧结/钢生产和化学成分解析的铁生产因子呈正相关。NSD 解析的煤燃烧因子与 SIA/CC/BB 因子具有中等相关性。同源藿烷与煤燃烧有关，左旋葡聚糖与城市背景有关。NSD 和化学成分数据集的 PMF 应用是互补的。PM 中的 PAHs 与煤燃烧因子有关。
