Yoshida Yuta, Kawabata Fuminori, Kawabata Yuko, Nishimura Shotaro, Tabata Shoji
Laboratory of Functional Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Anim Sci J. 2018 Feb;89(2):441-447. doi: 10.1111/asj.12945. Epub 2017 Nov 27.
The elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the taste sense of chickens will contribute to improvements in poultry feeding, because the molecular mechanism of chickens' taste sense defines the feeding behavior of chickens. Here we focused on the gene expressions in two different oral tissues of chickens - the palate, which contains many taste buds, and the tongue tip, which contains few taste buds. Using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method, we found that the molecular markers for taste buds of chickens, that is α-gustducin and vimentin, were expressed significantly highly in the palate compared to the tongue tip. Our analyses also revealed that transient receptor potential subfamily M member 5 (TRPM5), a cation channel involved in taste transduction in mammals, was also highly expressed in the palate compared to the tongue tip. Our findings demonstrated that the expression patterns of these genes were significantly correlated. We showed that the aversion to bitter solution was alleviated by a TRPM5 inhibitor in behavior of chickens. Taken together, our findings enabled us to develop a simple method for screening taste-related genes in chickens. The use of this method demonstrated that TRPM5 was involved in chickens' taste transduction, and that a TRPM5 inhibitor can alleviate chickens' bitter taste perception of feed ingredients.
阐明鸡味觉的潜在机制将有助于改善家禽饲养，因为鸡味觉的分子机制决定了鸡的采食行为。在此，我们聚焦于鸡的两种不同口腔组织中的基因表达——含有许多味蕾的上颚和含有较少味蕾的舌尖。使用定量实时聚合酶链反应方法，我们发现鸡味蕾的分子标记物，即α - 味导素和波形蛋白，在上颚中的表达明显高于舌尖。我们的分析还表明，瞬时受体电位M亚家族成员5（TRPM5），一种参与哺乳动物味觉转导的阳离子通道，在上颚中的表达也高于舌尖。我们的研究结果表明这些基因的表达模式显著相关。我们发现TRPM5抑制剂可减轻鸡对苦味溶液的行为厌恶。综上所述，我们的研究结果使我们能够开发一种筛选鸡味觉相关基因的简单方法。使用该方法表明TRPM5参与鸡的味觉转导，并且TRPM5抑制剂可以减轻鸡对饲料成分的苦味感知。
