Jaeger Lauren Hubert, Carvalho-Costa Filipe Anibal
Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Pavilhão Leônidas Deane, sala 308, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Magalhães Filho, 519, Teresina, Piauí, 64000-128, Brazil.
BMC Vet Res. 2017 Nov 25;13(1):358. doi: 10.1186/s12917-017-1282-2.
Benzimidazoles (BZ) are a class of drugs widely used in veterinary and human medicine, creating a great selection pressure and the emergence of BZ resistance. We conducted a systematic review to assess the status of resistance and/or effectiveness reduction of BZ drugs in animal nematodes in Brazil, and make information accessible to the scientific community, as many studies are published in Portuguese. PubMed, SciELO Brasil, LILACS/Bireme, GNTD database, and Google Scholar were searched with no language restrictions.
A total of 40 studies met our eligibility criteria (from the year 1989 forward). Sheep was the host most frequently analysed, and albendazole was the most frequently drug studied. The majority of studies (75.7%) showed that BZ drugs are insufficiently active (FECRT <80%) against nematode parasites of livestock. The mean FECRT for fenbendazole, thiabendazole, albendazole, mebendazole, oxfendazole, and ricobendazole were 71.8%, 71.8%, 58.6%, 53.9%, 46.9%, and 41.5%, respectively. It was observed through linear regression that FECRT is significantly reduced over time between 2007 and 2014 (R = -0.653 p = 0.021) for the treatment of cattle with BZ, suggesting progressive loss of effectiveness and increased resistance for these hosts.
The scenario of BZ resistance in nematode populations in Brazil is not favourable. Given the high cost of drug discovery and development, it is urgent to implement control measures and to monitor the effectiveness/resistance to nematodes in livestock in Brazil.
苯并咪唑类药物（BZ）是一类广泛应用于兽医和人类医学的药物，这导致了巨大的选择压力以及BZ耐药性的出现。我们进行了一项系统综述，以评估巴西动物线虫中BZ药物的耐药性和/或有效性降低的状况，并使科学界能够获取相关信息，因为许多研究是以葡萄牙语发表的。我们在没有语言限制的情况下检索了PubMed、巴西科学电子图书馆（SciELO Brasil）、拉丁美洲和加勒比卫生科学数据库（LILACS/Bireme）、全球卫生图书馆数据库（GNTD database）以及谷歌学术。
共有40项研究符合我们的纳入标准（从1989年起）。绵羊是最常被分析的宿主，阿苯达唑是最常被研究的药物。大多数研究（75.7%）表明，BZ药物对家畜线虫寄生虫的活性不足（粪便虫卵计数减少率<80%）。芬苯达唑、噻苯达唑、阿苯达唑、甲苯达唑、奥芬达唑和利考苯达唑的平均粪便虫卵计数减少率分别为71.8%、71.8%、58.6%、53.9%、46.9%和41.5%。通过线性回归观察到，2007年至2014年期间，用BZ治疗牛时，粪便虫卵计数减少率随时间显著降低（R = -0.653，p = 0.021），这表明这些宿主的有效性逐渐丧失且耐药性增加。
巴西线虫种群中BZ耐药的情况不容乐观。鉴于药物研发成本高昂，迫切需要在巴西实施控制措施并监测家畜对线虫的有效性/耐药性。
