Hickerson Stephen C, Fleming Marc L, Sawant Ruta V, Ordonez Nancy D, Sansgiry Sujit S
Emergency Department, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX.
Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX.
Curr Pharm Teach Learn. 2017 Jan-Feb;9(1):12-19. doi: 10.1016/j.cptl.2016.08.047. Epub 2016 Nov 11.
The current literature has identified many motivating factors and barriers influencing pharmacy students' decision to apply for residency training. Despite a growing need for residency trained pharmacists to advance the profession, it is not clear why only about one in four pharmacy students decide to pursue a residency, and which of these factors have the most influence on student decision-making. The study examines the factors associated with pharmacy students' intention to apply for a postgraduate residency using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) framework.
Second and third-year students from four Texas pharmacy schools were surveyed using an online questionnaire based on the TPB. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analyses were utilized to assess the study objectives.
A total of 251 completed responses were received. Attitude, subjective norms (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) were significant predictors of intention to apply for a pharmacy residency (β = 0.32, 0.58, and 0.36, respectively, p < 0.001). Attending ASHP's midyear meeting or other residency showcase was a significant predictor of intention (β = 0.71, p = 0.006). Additional significant predictors of intention include believing a residency would increase confidence in practicing pharmacy (β = 0.36, p < 0.001) and help achieve career goals (β = 0.16, p < 0.02); the social influence of faculty members (β = 0.10, p = 0.003) and family (β = 0.08, p = 0.02); believing financial obligations (β = 0.20, p = 0.006), feeling afraid of the competition and/or not matching (β = 0.24, p < 0.001), needing to relocate (β = 0.09, p = 0.04), and the lengthy application and/or interview process (β = 0.12, p = 0.04) would make it more difficult to apply for a residency.
The TPB model was useful in predicting pharmacy students' intention to apply for a residency, and all TPB constructs were significant predictors. Therefore, interventions that target students' attitude, SN, and PBC may be valuable to increase their intention, especially the specific beliefs identified to significantly predict intention. Future research into methods in which these motivating factors can be encouraged and perceived barriers can be addressed by pharmacy stakeholders will increase interest and participation in residency training.
当前文献已确定了许多影响药学专业学生申请住院医师培训决定的激励因素和障碍。尽管对经过住院医师培训的药剂师以推动该专业发展的需求日益增长，但尚不清楚为何只有约四分之一的药学专业学生决定攻读住院医师职位，以及这些因素中哪些对学生的决策影响最大。本研究使用计划行为理论（TPB）框架来考察与药学专业学生申请研究生住院医师职位意愿相关的因素。
对来自德克萨斯州四所药学院的二年级和三年级学生使用基于TPB的在线问卷进行了调查。运用描述性统计和多元线性回归分析来评估研究目标。
共收到251份完整回复。态度、主观规范（SN）和感知行为控制（PBC）是申请药学住院医师职位意愿（β分别为0.32、0.58和0.36，p<0.001）的显著预测因素。参加美国卫生系统药师协会（ASHP）的年中会议或其他住院医师展示活动是意愿的显著预测因素（β=0.71，p=0.006）。意愿的其他显著预测因素包括认为住院医师培训将增强药学实践的信心（β=0.36，p<0.001）并有助于实现职业目标（β=0.16，p<0.02）；教师（β=0.10，p=0.003）和家庭（β=0.08，p=0.02）的社会影响；认为经济负担（β=0.20，p=0.006）、害怕竞争和/或未匹配成功（β=0.24，p<0.001）、需要搬迁（β=0.09，p=0.04）以及冗长的申请和/或面试过程（β=0.12，p=0.04）会使申请住院医师职位更加困难。
TPB模型在预测药学专业学生申请住院医师职位的意愿方面是有用的，并且所有TPB构念都是显著的预测因素。因此，针对学生态度、SN和PBC的干预措施可能有助于增强他们的意愿，特别是那些被确定为显著预测意愿的具体信念。未来对药学利益相关者可用于鼓励这些激励因素和解决感知障碍的方法的研究，将提高对住院医师培训的兴趣和参与度。
