Mansukhani Sonal Ghura, Chewning Betty
School of Pharmacy, UW-Madison, Madison, WI.
School of Pharmacy, UW-Madison, Madison, WI.
Curr Pharm Teach Learn. 2017 Jan-Feb;9(1):43-49. doi: 10.1016/j.cptl.2016.08.039. Epub 2016 Oct 25.
To validate a scale in order to identify the most relevant survey constructs to measure student pharmacists' beliefs of providing a novel cognitive service of simplifying complicated medication regimens of community dwelling patients using a pill card.
A pre-existing scale was used to construct an adapted questionnaire in the context of simplifying complicated drug regimens in patients taking >five Rx meds daily. The adapted 14-item questionnaire was administered to 126 student pharmacists immediately after they performed a mandatory community pharmacy advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) exercise to simplify complicated drug regimens of patients. All students had rehearsed this service with standardized patients before their APPEs assignment. In this APPE assignment the student pharmacists consolidated the dose timings of the daily medications while attempting to improve their likelihood of efficacy and reduce their risk of adverse events. The psychometric properties of the adapted questionnaire were assessed using parallel analysis and principal component analysis. Internal consistency was established using Cronbach's α.
Out of 126 students, 116 (92%) responded to the questionnaire. Factor analysis produced a 3-factor solution of the 14-item scale which accounted for 56% of the explained variance. The factors relate to self-efficacy (α = 0.956), intention to practice (α = 0.89) and mattering (α = 0.885). The overall internal consistency as measured by Cronbach's α was 0.936. The mean values obtained using these scales were 6.01 ± 0.823, 4.88 ± 0.742, and 4.45 ± 0.556, respectively, indicating stronger beliefs in this cognitive service.
The adapted 14-question instrument can be used to reliably measure the self-efficacy, intention and mattering of fourth-year student pharmacists who can simplify complicated drug regimens by consolidating routinely prescribed medications.
验证一个量表，以确定在衡量学生药剂师对于使用药卡为社区居住患者简化复杂药物治疗方案这一新型认知服务的信念时，最相关的调查结构。
在为每日服用超过五种处方药的患者简化复杂药物治疗方案的背景下，使用一个现有的量表构建一份改编问卷。在126名学生药剂师完成一项强制性的社区药房高级药学实践经验（APPE）活动以简化患者的复杂药物治疗方案后，立即向他们发放这份改编后的14项问卷。所有学生在进行APPE任务之前都已与标准化患者演练过这项服务。在这项APPE任务中，学生药剂师整合了日常用药的给药时间，同时试图提高疗效的可能性并降低不良事件的风险。使用平行分析和主成分分析评估改编后问卷的心理测量特性。使用克朗巴哈α系数确定内部一致性。
126名学生中，116名（92%）对问卷做出了回应。因子分析得出了14项量表的三因子解决方案，该方案解释了56%的方差。这些因子分别与自我效能感（α = 0.956）、执业意愿（α = 0.89）和重要性（α = 0.885）相关。用克朗巴哈α系数衡量的总体内部一致性为0.936。使用这些量表获得的平均值分别为6.01±0.823、4.88±0.742和4.45±0.556，表明对这项认知服务的信念更强。
改编后的14项工具可用于可靠地测量四年级学生药剂师在通过整合常规处方药来简化复杂药物治疗方案方面的自我效能感、意愿和重要性。
