Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (EHU/UPV), Barrio Sarriena s/n, E-48080, Leioa, Bilbao, Spain.
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, I-98166, Messina, Italy.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Feb;25(5):4371-4386. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-0798-0. Epub 2017 Nov 27.
This work is focused on the development of an innovative multi-analytical methodology to estimate the impact suffered by building materials in coastal environments. With the aim of improving the in situ spectroscopic assessment, which is often based on XRF and Raman spectrometers, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy was implemented in the diagnosis study. In this way, the additional benefits from DRIFT were compared to the usual in situ analyses of building materials, which often have interferences from fluorescence and reststrahlen effects. The studies were extended to the laboratory scale by μ-X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) cross-section mapping and ion chromatography (IC), and the IC quantitative data were employed to develop thermodynamic models using the ECOS-RUNSALT program, with the aim of rationalizing the behavior of soluble salts with variations in the temperature and the relative humidity (RH). The multi-analytical methodology allowed identification of the most significant weathering agents and classification of the severity of degradation according to the salt content. The suitability of a DRIFT portable device to analyze these types of matrices was verified. Although the Kramers-Kronig algorithm correction proved to be inadequate to decrease the expected spectral distortions, the assignment was successfully performed based on the secondary bands and intensification of the overtones and decreased the time needed for in situ data collection. In addition, the pollutants' distribution in the samples and the possible presence of dangerous compounds, which were not detected during the in situ analysis campaigns, provided valuable information to clarify weathering phenomena.
本工作专注于开发创新的多分析方法，以评估沿海环境中建筑材料所遭受的影响。为了改进通常基于 XRF 和拉曼光谱仪的现场光谱评估，在诊断研究中实施了漫反射红外傅里叶变换（DRIFT）光谱法。通过这种方式，将 DRIFT 的附加优势与建筑材料的常用现场分析进行了比较，后者通常受到荧光和再辐射效应的干扰。研究通过微 X 射线荧光（μ-XRF）截面映射和离子色谱（IC）扩展到实验室规模，并且使用 ECOS-RUNSALT 程序对 IC 定量数据进行了热力学模型开发，目的是根据温度和相对湿度（RH）的变化来合理化可溶性盐的行为。多分析方法可识别出最重要的风化剂，并根据盐分含量对降解的严重程度进行分类。验证了 DRIFT 便携式设备分析这些类型基质的适用性。尽管 Kramers-Kronig 算法校正被证明不足以减少预期的光谱失真，但基于次带和泛音的增强以及减少现场数据采集所需的时间，成功地进行了分配。此外，样品中污染物的分布以及在现场分析过程中未检测到的危险化合物的存在提供了有价值的信息，有助于澄清风化现象。
