icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, South Africa.
Soc Sci Med. 2018 Jan;196:150-157. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.11.040. Epub 2017 Nov 21.
The ways in which women's engagement in paid work shapes their experiences of violence in the home and workplace is widely debated, particularly in Bangladesh, but rarely considered together. We undertook 23 in-depth interviews with female garment workers living in slums in Bangladesh, and nine interviews with key informants (factory managers and supervisors, male workers, and employees from non-governmental organisations). Data came from two studies conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh - the first between August and September 2011 and the second between June and August 2015 - and were analysed using thematic analysis. In both settings, women experienced similar forms of violence, including emotional, physical, sexual, and economic, although from different perpetrators. Despite violence in the home and violence in the workplace typically being considered separately, we identify four overlaps between them. First, violence in both settings is shaped by how patriarchal norms and structures of institutions intersect with institutions economic structures. Second, dominant representations of female garment workers as sex workers or sexually promiscuous enables violence against them. Third, economic violence is used as a way to control and limit women's autonomy. Fourth, women develop strategies to continue working and maximize the benefits of work for themselves. Finally, we suggest how interventions could work to prevent violence in the home and workplace.
女性参与有偿工作的方式如何塑造她们在家中和工作场所遭受暴力的经历，这在孟加拉国等国引起了广泛的争论，但很少将两者放在一起考虑。我们对居住在孟加拉国贫民窟的 23 名制衣女工进行了深入访谈，并对 9 名关键知情者（工厂经理和主管、男性工人以及非政府组织的员工）进行了访谈。数据来自孟加拉国达卡的两项研究——第一项研究于 2011 年 8 月至 9 月进行，第二项研究于 2015 年 6 月至 8 月进行——并使用主题分析进行了分析。在这两种情况下，女性都经历了类似的暴力形式，包括情感、身体、性和经济方面的暴力，尽管施暴者不同。尽管家庭中的暴力和工作场所中的暴力通常被分别考虑，但我们发现它们之间有四个重叠点。首先，这两种环境中的暴力都受到父权规范和机构结构与机构经济结构相交的影响。其次，对制衣女工作为性工作者或性滥交者的主流描述使她们成为暴力的受害者。第三，经济暴力被用作控制和限制妇女自主权的一种手段。第四，妇女发展策略来继续工作并最大限度地为自己谋取工作的利益。最后，我们提出了干预措施如何预防家庭和工作场所暴力的建议。
