女性制衣工人遭受暴力经历与抑郁症状发展之间的关联途径。

The pathways between female garment workers' experience of violence and development of depressive symptoms.

机构信息

Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2018 Nov 15;13(11):e0207485. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207485. eCollection 2018.

DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0207485

PMID:30440031

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6237419/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) is high (54%) in Bangladesh. Moreover, female garment workers report higher rates of IPV and are also vulnerable to workplace violence (WPV). Experience of violence puts women at increased risk of developing depressive symptoms, which are related with low self-esteem, lower life satisfaction and lower productivity. To our knowledge, there has been no previous research on depression among female garment workers and its connections to IPV and WPV in Bangladesh. This paper aims to address this gap by studying the relationship of IPV, WPV and depression among female garment workers.

METHODS

The data for this paper comes from a cross-sectional survey of female garment workers (n = 800) conducted as baseline survey of a quasi-experimental study known as HERrespect. Survey data were collected during September-December, 2016 among randomly selected female garment workers from eight garment factories in and around Dhaka city. Structural equation modelling was conducted to explore the relationship among IPV, WPV and depression.

RESULTS

The findings show high rates of any IPV (69%); WPV (73%, experienced or witnessed) and depressive symptomatology (40%) among female garment workers. The analysis of pathways shows that IPV impacts a woman's experience of WPV and work related stress leading to the development of depression; while WPV had direct and mediated pathways to depression. Experience of controlling by their husband leads to WPV and increased work related stress, and thus leads to depression. It also reveals that a worker's ability to mobilize resources in emergency, however, increased self-esteem and reduced work related stress.

CONCLUSION

This study shows the pathways through which experience of IPV and WPV lead to development of depressive symptoms among female garment workers. The link between women's ability to mobilize resources with self-esteem and work related stress indicates the need for socio-economic empowerment of women and may suggest that combined intervention to address IPV and women's empowerment could be successful in dealing with WPV and mental health.

摘要

背景

在孟加拉国，亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）的患病率很高（54%）。此外，女性制衣工人报告的 IPV 发生率更高，她们也容易遭受工作场所暴力（WPV）。遭受暴力会使女性患抑郁症状的风险增加，而抑郁症状与自尊心低、生活满意度低和生产力低有关。据我们所知，以前没有关于孟加拉国女性制衣工人的抑郁及其与 IPV 和 WPV 的关系的研究。本文旨在通过研究女性制衣工人的 IPV、WPV 和抑郁之间的关系来填补这一空白。

方法

本文的数据来自一项针对女性制衣工人（n=800）的横断面调查，该调查是一项名为 HERrespect 的准实验研究的基线调查。调查数据于 2016 年 9 月至 12 月期间在达卡市及周边地区的八家制衣厂中随机抽取的女性制衣工人中收集。结构方程模型用于探索 IPV、WPV 和抑郁之间的关系。

结果

研究结果显示，女性制衣工人中存在高比例的任何 IPV（69%）、WPV（73%，经历或目睹）和抑郁症状（40%）。路径分析表明，IPV 影响女性遭受 WPV 和工作相关压力的经历，从而导致抑郁；而 WPV 对抑郁有直接和间接的影响。丈夫的控制行为导致 WPV 和工作相关压力增加，从而导致抑郁。研究还表明，工人在紧急情况下调动资源的能力会增加自尊心和减少工作相关压力。