Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa.
PLoS One. 2018 Nov 7;13(11):e0204725. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204725. eCollection 2018.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a huge public health, development and human rights issue worldwide. Despite the fact that working women in patriarchal contexts commonly report higher level of IPV, literature on this subject is still scanty. This paper assessed the magnitude of different types of IPV against female garment workers and identified its correlates using cross-sectional survey data collected during September-December, 2016 from 800 female garment workers randomly selected from lists provided by eight garment factories in and around Dhaka, Bangladesh. The results reveal high levels of IPV experienced by the workers (physical = 34%; sexual = 43%; economic = 35%, last 12 months). Logistic regression results were nuanced. While the worker's ability to mobilize resources in crises reduced IPV, her savings beyond a threshold increased its likelihood. Moreover, her ownership of jewellery/ large household assets increased the likelihood of IPV. Having moderately or highly controlling husband, substance abuse by husband and his involvement in extramarital sex predicted IPV. Although the worker's education up to 6 years or more was protective, education more than the husband increased the likelihood of IPV. Young age, having two or more children, experience of non-partner sexual violence and high acceptance of IPV increased the likelihood of IPV. Middle income group protected against IPV, while household food insecurity increased its likelihood. Work at a factory in the Export Processing Zone protected against IPV. The findings indicate that financial empowerment alone is not sufficient to protect the workers from IPV; interventions that combine gender empowerment training for workers in the context of better factory working conditions may be useful in reducing IPV; working with men is essential in this endeavour.
亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）是一个全球性的重大公共卫生、发展和人权问题。尽管在父权制背景下工作的职业女性通常报告更高水平的 IPV，但关于这一主题的文献仍然很少。本文评估了不同类型的 IPV 对女性制衣工人的影响，并使用 2016 年 9 月至 12 月期间从孟加拉国达卡及其周边地区的 8 家制衣厂提供的名单中随机抽取的 800 名女性制衣工人的横断面调查数据，确定了其相关因素。结果显示，工人经历了高水平的 IPV（身体暴力=34%；性暴力=43%；经济暴力=35%，过去 12 个月）。逻辑回归结果是细微的。虽然工人在危机中调动资源的能力降低了 IPV 的可能性，但她的储蓄超过一定阈值则增加了这种可能性。此外，她拥有珠宝/大型家庭资产增加了遭受 IPV 的可能性。丈夫控制欲强或高度控制、丈夫滥用药物和婚外性行为都预示着 IPV 的发生。虽然工人受教育程度达到 6 年或以上具有保护作用，但受教育程度高于丈夫则增加了遭受 IPV 的可能性。年龄较小、有两个或更多孩子、经历过非伴侣性暴力和高度接受 IPV 都增加了遭受 IPV 的可能性。中等收入群体可以预防 IPV，而家庭粮食不安全则增加了遭受 IPV 的可能性。在出口加工区的工厂工作可以预防 IPV。研究结果表明，仅赋予经济权力不足以保护工人免受 IPV 影响；在改善工厂工作条件的背景下，为工人提供性别赋权培训的干预措施可能有助于减少 IPV；在这项工作中，与男性合作是必不可少的。
