Mai Van-Chung, Nguyen Ba-Hoanh, Nguyen Duc-Dien, Nguyen Le-Ai-Vinh
Department of Plant Physiology, School of Natural Sciences Education, Vinh University, str. Le Duan 182, Vinh, Nghe An Province, Vietnam.
Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Chemo-Biology and Environment Technology, Vinh University, str. Le Duan 182, Vinh, Nghe An Province, Vietnam.
Bot Stud. 2017 Nov 28;58(1):55. doi: 10.1186/s40529-017-0211-9.
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. "Nam Dan") is one of the most valuable crops in agricultural production in Nghe An province (Vietnam). Our previous study revealed that extract of the cyanobacterium strain Nostoc calcicola HN9 expressed positive effect on growth and development, and raised soybean productivity (Tran et al. in Proceeding of Vietnam national conference of research on biology, Da Nang, 2016). We hypothesized that N. calcicola HN9 would improve the defense responses of G. max cv. "Nam Dan" to cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch)-a serious pest of leguminous crops.
Infestation of A. craccivora caused oxidative stress in leaves of G. max cv. "Nam Dan". A strong generation of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion radical (O ) and hydrogen peroxide (HO) resulted in the cellular damages in the aphid-infested leaves through high levels of injury percentage and lipid peroxidation. To protect from aphid attack themselves, soybean plants triggered the antioxidant defense systems, in which, enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD, 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT, 1.11.1.6) and GPx (EC 1.11.1.9) were strongly accumulated to reduce the toxic effects of ROS. Components of N. calcicola HN9 extract might strengthen the defensive capability of G. max cv. "Nam Dan" to cowpea aphid infestation via establishing the chemical constraints on oxidative stress. Under effect of cyanobacteria extract, generation of O and HO was strictly limited, activities of SOD, CAT and GPx were remarkably accumulated in the aphid-infested leaves leading to a significant reduction of oxidative damages.
Nostoc calcicola HN9 extract probably not only controlled the generation and effects of O and HO but also augmented the accumulated activity of SOD, CAT and GPx in soybean leaves that allowed them to control oxidative stress, contributed to increase the resistance of G. max cv. "Nam Dan" to A. craccivora. The improvement of cyanobacteria extract on the antioxidative response of soybean "Nam Dan" to cowpea aphid can be a novel aspect to contribute to current knowledge regarding the soybean-aphid interaction.
大豆（Glycine max (L.) Merr. 品种“南丹”）是越南义安省农业生产中最有价值的作物之一。我们之前的研究表明，蓝藻菌株Nostoc calcicola HN9的提取物对大豆的生长发育具有积极作用，并提高了大豆产量（Tran等人，发表于越南岘港全国生物学研究会议论文集，2016年）。我们推测，N. calcicola HN9会增强“南丹”大豆品种对豆蚜（Aphis craccivora Koch）的防御反应，豆蚜是豆科作物的一种严重害虫。
豆蚜侵染导致“南丹”大豆叶片产生氧化应激。大量内源性活性氧（ROS）的产生，如超氧阴离子自由基（O ）和过氧化氢（HO），通过高水平的伤害率和脂质过氧化作用，对受蚜虫侵染叶片造成细胞损伤。为了自我保护免受蚜虫侵害，大豆植株启动了抗氧化防御系统，其中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD，1.15.1.1）、过氧化氢酶（CAT，1.11.1.6）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx，EC 1.11.1.9）等酶促抗氧化剂大量积累，以降低ROS的毒性作用。N. calcicola HN9提取物的成分可能通过对氧化应激建立化学限制，增强“南丹”大豆品种对豆蚜侵染的防御能力。在蓝藻提取物的作用下，O 和HO的产生受到严格限制；在受蚜虫侵染的叶片中，SOD、CAT和GPx的活性显著积累，从而导致氧化损伤显著减少。
Nostoc calcicola HN9提取物可能不仅控制了O 和HO的产生及其影响作用，还增强了大豆叶片中SOD、CAT和GPx积累的活性，使它们能够控制氧化应激，有助于提高“南丹”大豆品种对豆蚜的抗性。蓝藻提取物对“南丹”大豆对豆蚜抗氧化反应的改善，可能是对当前大豆与蚜虫相互作用知识的一个新贡献方面。
