Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics and NIST, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México, 04510, D.F., Mexico.
Nat Commun. 2017 Nov 30;8(1):1857. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-01994-3.
Atoms interact with each other through the electromagnetic field, creating collective states that can radiate faster or slower than a single atom, i.e., super- and sub-radiance. When the field is confined to one dimension it enables infinite-range atom-atom interactions. Here we present the first report of infinite-range interactions between macroscopically separated atomic dipoles mediated by an optical waveguide. We use cold Rb atoms in the vicinity of a single-mode optical nanofiber (ONF) that coherently exchange evanescently coupled photons through the ONF mode. In particular, we observe super-radiance of a few atoms separated by hundreds of resonant wavelengths. The same platform allows us to measure sub-radiance, a rarely observed effect, presenting a unique tool for quantum optics. This result constitutes a proof of principle for collective behavior of macroscopically delocalized atomic states, a crucial element for new proposals in quantum information and many-body physics.
原子通过电磁场相互作用，形成比单个原子辐射更快或更慢的集体状态，即超辐射和亚辐射。当场被限制在一维时，它能够实现无限范围的原子间相互作用。在这里，我们首次报道了通过光学波导介导的宏观上分离的原子偶极子之间的无限范围相互作用。我们使用靠近单模光纤（ONF）的冷 Rb 原子，通过 ONF 模式相干地交换倏逝耦合光子。特别地，我们观察到数百个共振波长分离的几个原子的超辐射。同一平台还允许我们测量亚辐射，这是一种很少观察到的现象，为量子光学提供了独特的工具。这一结果为宏观上非局域化原子态的集体行为提供了原理证明，这是量子信息和多体物理中许多新方案的关键要素。
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