Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996-4561, USA.
Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
Plant Cell Rep. 2018 Apr;37(4):565-574. doi: 10.1007/s00299-017-2240-y. Epub 2017 Nov 29.
Climbing plants have unique adaptations to enable them to compete for sunlight, for which they invest minimal resources for vertical growth. Indeed, their stems bear relatively little weight, as they traverse their host substrates skyward. Climbers possess high tensile strength and flexibility, which allows them to utilize natural and manmade structures for support and growth. The climbing strategies of plants have intrigued scientists for centuries, yet our understanding about biochemical adaptations and their molecular undergirding is still in the early stages of research. Nonetheless, recent discoveries are promising, not only from a basic knowledge perspective, but also for bioinspired product development. Several adaptations, including nanoparticle and adhesive production will be reviewed, as well as practical translation of these adaptations to commercial applications. We will review the botanical literature on the modes of adaptation to climb, as well as specialized organs-and cellular innovations. Finally, recent molecular and biochemical data will be reviewed to assess the future needs and new directions for potential practical products that may be bioinspired by climbing plants.
攀援植物具有独特的适应性，使它们能够竞争阳光，为此它们在垂直生长上投入的资源最少。事实上，它们的茎干相对较轻，因为它们向上穿越宿主基质。攀援植物具有较高的拉伸强度和柔韧性，这使它们能够利用自然和人造结构来支撑和生长。几个世纪以来，植物的攀援策略一直令科学家们着迷，但我们对生化适应及其分子基础的理解仍处于研究的早期阶段。尽管如此，最近的发现还是很有希望的，不仅从基础知识的角度来看，而且从仿生产品开发的角度来看也是如此。我们将回顾包括纳米颗粒和粘性物质生产在内的几种适应性，以及这些适应性向商业应用的实际转化。我们将回顾攀援植物的适应模式的植物学文献，以及专门的器官和细胞创新。最后，我们将回顾最近的分子和生化数据，以评估潜在的实用产品的未来需求和新方向，这些产品可能受到攀援植物的启发。
