Eren Koçak Emine, Kılıç Cengiz
Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2017 Summer;28(2):124-131.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition that occurs after a traumatic event, and its diagnostic criteria include attention and memory deficits as well as symptoms of anxiety. We aimed to review the literature related to attention, memory, and executive functions in PTSD. Although studies on the subject are limited (in that there is no uniformity in terms of trauma type, selection of the control groups or types of neuropsychological tests used), most reported similar deficits in PTSD subjects in terms of memory and executive functions including attention. Since the presence of psychiatric comorbidities may disrupt neuropsychological functions, results of studies that have not controlled comorbidity may be questionable. However, studies that excluded the comorbid conditions reported similar deficits in cognitive functions in PTSD patients. The relationship between recovery from PTSD symptoms and change in cognitive functions has been examined in only a few studies, and most have reported an improvement for both memory and executive functions in remitted patients. The improvement in executive functions, however, has been limited by the difficulty of task. Cognitive deficits have been among the major causes of disabilities in PTSD patients. Therefore, the amount of improvement in cognitive dysfunctions by current treatments of PTSD deserves more attention.
创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）是一种在创伤事件后出现的病症，其诊断标准包括注意力和记忆缺陷以及焦虑症状。我们旨在回顾与PTSD中的注意力、记忆和执行功能相关的文献。尽管关于该主题的研究有限（在创伤类型、对照组的选择或所使用的神经心理学测试类型方面缺乏一致性），但大多数研究报告称，PTSD患者在记忆和包括注意力在内的执行功能方面存在类似的缺陷。由于精神共病的存在可能会干扰神经心理功能，因此未控制共病的研究结果可能存在疑问。然而，排除共病情况的研究报告称，PTSD患者在认知功能方面存在类似的缺陷。仅有少数研究探讨了PTSD症状的恢复与认知功能变化之间的关系，并且大多数研究报告称，缓解期患者的记忆和执行功能均有所改善。然而，执行功能的改善受到任务难度的限制。认知缺陷一直是PTSD患者致残的主要原因之一。因此，目前PTSD治疗方法对认知功能障碍的改善程度值得更多关注。
